Data Zone
Taxonomic note
Setophaga chrysoparia (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Dendroica following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).
Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | A2ace+3ce+4ace | A2ace+3ce+4ace; B2ab(i,ii,iii,v) |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | Endangered | A2ace+3ce+4ace |
| 2018 | Endangered | A2ace+3ce+4ace |
| 2016 | Endangered | B2ab(i,ii,iii,v) |
| 2012 | Endangered | B2ab(i,ii,iii,v) |
| 2008 | Endangered | B2a+b(i,ii,iii,v) |
| 2007 | Endangered | |
| 2004 | Endangered | |
| 2000 | Endangered | |
| 1996 | Endangered | |
| 1994 | Endangered | |
| 1988 | Threatened |
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | medium |
| Land-mass type |
continent |
Average mass | 10 g |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 77,800 km2 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding) | 176,000 km2 | medium |
| Area of Occupancy (breeding/resident) | 1,768 km2 | good |
| Area of Occupancy (non-breeding) | 592 km2 | good |
| Number of locations | 4-8 | - |
| Severely fragmented? | no | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population size | unknown | - | - | - |
| Population trend | decreasing | poor | inferred | 2014-2024 |
| Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 50-79% | - | - | - |
| Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 50-79% | - | - | - |
| Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 50-79% | - | - | - |
| Generation length | 2.8 years | - | - | - |
| Number of subpopulations | 2-10 | - | - | - |
| Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation | 100% | - | - | - |
Population justification: There is currently only one range-wide estimate of abundance for the species (Mathewson et al. 2012). Mathewson et al. (2012) conducted point count surveys in a subset of randomly selected habitat patches (301 patches total) across the breeding range in 2008–2009 and found density was most related to the predicted patch-specific occupancy probability based on the work of Collier et al. (2012). They estimated range-wide abundance for male birds to be ca. 262,013 (95% CI: 223,131 – 302,620). Using the density estimates of Mathewson et al. (2012), Hatfield et al. (2012) estimated there were ca, 11,600 – 18,300 male birds on conservation, recreation, and Department of Defense lands. Although other density estimates have been calculated for the species (i.e. Peak 2011, USFWS 2014, O’Donnell et al. 2015, Reidy et al. 2015, amongst others), these estimates are based on individual parcels of land and ignore the spatial variability in densities across the breeding range. Regardless, based on the estimates of Peak and Thompson (2013), Sesnie et al. (2016), Reidy et al. (submitted per Alliance for the Conservation of Mesoamerican Pine-oak Forests in litt. 2018) and Groce et al. (2010), the Alliance for Conservation of Pine-Oak Forests in Mesoamerica estimate that the number of territorial males found on publicly-owned land could be 9,687. The majority of its breeding range is on privately-owned land though, so the overall population size is likely to decline as habitat is lost.
Trend justification: Nesting habitats are being cleared in the breeding grounds for land development, ranching and agriculture; and habitats are being lost in the wintering grounds primarily owing to deforestation for livestock grazing, fuel wood collection, forest fires and beetle infestation. The rate of range-wide breeding habitat loss has been estimated at 29% between 1999-2001 and 2010-11 (Duarte et al. 2013), and based on only a portion of the breeding range, habitat loss has been estimated at 33% between 2004-05 and 2016 (Heger and Hayes in prep.). Rapid declines are therefore expected in response to such habitat loss and population declines of >50% have occurred on some of the monitored plots in Balcones Canyonlands Preserve, despite there being no change in the habitat there (Alliance for the Conservation of Mesoamerican Pine-oak Forests in litt. 2018). Contrastingly however, Duarte et al. (2016b) showed that overall abundance in the same plots increased from 1998-2012 due to substantial immigration into each plot year on year; Fort Hood military base also found an increasing trend within their survey plots (Duarte et al. 2014). Such changes likely reflect the immigration of birds into these areas from areas outside of managed lands where habitat is being rapidly lost (A. Duarte in litt. 2020). Monitoring data from the non-breeding range has however, exhibited an extremely rapid reduction of 50% over the past 4 years (2014-18) (Alliance for Conservation of Pine-Oak Forests in Mesoamerica in litt. 2018). Therefore, the overall rate of decline is precautionarily assessed as falling in the range 50-79% over ten years, despite immigration into some assessed plots. High rates of population decline are modelled to continue into the future with population viability analyses suggesting an extinction risk of 51% over a 50 year period when assuming dispersal rates are low (Duarte et al. 2016a) and 19% over a 20 year period (Reidy et al. submitted per Alliance for the Conservation of Mesoamerican Pine-oak Forests in litt. 2018). Notably, Duarte et al. (2016a) found that the extinction risk was highly sensitive to the assumed dispersal rates (a parameter that has yet to be estimated for the species) and annual survival probabilities (a parameter that has only been estimated at two locations across the breeding range [Duarte et al. 2014 and Reidy et al. 2018]) and the risk of quasi-extinction approached 0 when assuming dispersal was higher (A. Duarte in litt. 2020). Furthermore, these risks could be even greater since certain other factors such as catastrophic events, and any potential habitat changes within preserves, were not taken into account (Alliance for Conservation of Pine-Oak Forests in Mesoamerica in litt. 2018).
| Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belize | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Costa Rica | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| El Salvador | extant | native | yes | |||
| Guatemala | extant | native | yes | |||
| Honduras | extant | native | yes | |||
| Mexico | extant | native | yes | |||
| Nicaragua | extant | native | yes | |||
| Panama | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| USA | extant | native | yes | |||
| Virgin Islands (to USA) | extant | vagrant |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | major | breeding |
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane | major | non-breeding |
| Forest | Temperate | suitable | breeding |
| Shrubland | Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude | suitable | breeding |
| Altitude | 200 - 2550 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
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| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
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| Biological resource use | Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest] | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
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| Climate change & severe weather | Droughts | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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| Climate change & severe weather | Habitat shifting & alteration | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Future | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
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| Climate change & severe weather | Storms & flooding | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
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| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Sus scrofa | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
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| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Unspecified species | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
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| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Problematic native species/diseases - Dendroctonus frontalis | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
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| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Problematic native species/diseases - Odocoileus virginianus | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
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| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Problematic native species/diseases - Unspecified species | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
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| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Problematic species/disease of unknown origin - Unspecified species | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
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| Natural system modifications | Fire & fire suppression - Trend Unknown/Unrecorded | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
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| Natural system modifications | Other ecosystem modifications | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Future | Whole (>90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
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| Residential & commercial development | Housing & urban areas | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Rapid Declines | Medium Impact: 7 | ||||||
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| Transportation & service corridors | Roads & railroads | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Golden-cheeked Warbler Setophaga chrysoparia. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/golden-cheeked-warbler-setophaga-chrysoparia on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.