• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	C2a(ii)	C2a(ii)

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2020	Endangered	C2a(ii)
2016	Endangered	C2a(i,ii)
2013	Endangered	C2a(i,ii)
2012	Vulnerable	B1ab(i,ii,iii,v);D1
2008	Vulnerable	C2a(i); D1
2004	Vulnerable
2000	Vulnerable
1996	Vulnerable
1994	Vulnerable
1988	Threatened

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	high
Land-mass type	continent	Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	3,000 km2	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	2000-12000 mature individuals	poor	estimated	2020
Population trend	decreasing	medium	inferred	2014-2024
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-9%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-9%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-9%	-	-	-
Generation length	2 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	1	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	100%	-	-	-

Population justification: The population size has not been quantified directly. Based on the recorded population densities of congeners (Selasphorus calliope and S. platycercus: 15-75 mature individuals/km² [Santini et al. 2018]), and assuming that around 10% of the range is occupied to account for the rarity of the species (G. Angehr in litt. 2020), the population is estimated to fall within the band 2,235-11,175 mature individuals. To account for uncertainty in the estimate, the species is here placed in the band 2,000-12,000 mature individuals. Given that the species appears to be rare (G. Angehr in litt. 2020), it is conceivable that the true population size is closer to the lower end of the estimate.

Trend justification: The population trend has not been assessed directly. The species is threatened by habitat loss; however forests within the range are largely inaccessible and declines in tree cover are local and low (G. Angehr in litt. 2020, Global Forest Watch 2020). Given that the species is able to survive in degraded and secondary forests (G. Angehr in litt. 2013), forest loss is currently unlikely to drive rapid population declines. Local declines have however been observed in Veraguas (E. S. Jakub in litt. 2020). As the species is confined to a small range close to mountaintops, it is potentially vulnerable to climate change-related range shifts (G. Angehr in litt. 2020). Precautionarily, it is assumed that the species may be undergoing population declines in the future as suitable habitat is contracting at mountaintops. The rates of habitat loss and population declines have not been projected, but it is unlikely that they will exceed 10% over ten years.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Panama	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Panama	Cerro Santiago
Panama	Santa Fé National Park

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	major	resident
Shrubland	Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude	suitable	resident
Altitude	1000 - 2520 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Livestock farming & ranching - Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Climate change & severe weather	Habitat shifting & alteration	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Future		Whole (>90%)		Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Indirect ecosystem effects, Ecosystem degradation
Natural system modifications	Fire & fire suppression - Increase in fire frequency/intensity	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Pollution	Agricultural & forestry effluents - Herbicides and pesticides	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation

Purpose	Scale
Pets/display animals, horticulture	international

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Glow-throated Hummingbird Selasphorus ardens. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/glow-throated-hummingbird-selasphorus-ardens on 22/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/11/2024.