Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Christidis, L. and Boles, W.E. 2008. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2018 | Least Concern | |
| 2016 | Least Concern | |
| 2012 | Least Concern | |
| 2009 | Least Concern | |
| 2008 | Least Concern | |
| 2004 | Least Concern | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | does not normally occur in forest |
| Land-mass type | Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 2,910,000 km2 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding) | 6,970,000 km2 | medium |
| Severely fragmented? | no | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population size | unknown | poor | estimated | 2011 |
| Population trend | increasing | - | estimated | - |
| Generation length | 10.5 years | - | - | - |
Population justification: Wetlands International (2018) estimate the population at 1,000,000-1,490,000 individuals.
Trend justification: This species has undergone a small or statistically insignificant increase over the last 40 years in North America (data from Breeding Bird Survey and/or Christmas Bird Count: Butcher and Niven 2007).
| Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Argentina | extant | native | ||||
| Aruba (to Netherlands) | extant | native | ||||
| Australia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Barbados | extant | vagrant | yes | yes | ||
| Belgium | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Belize | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Bermuda (to UK) | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Bolivia | extant | native | ||||
| Brazil | extant | native | ||||
| Canada | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Chile | extant | native | ||||
| Colombia | extant | native | ||||
| Costa Rica | extant | native | yes | |||
| Cuba | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Dominican Republic | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Ecuador | extant | native | ||||
| El Salvador | extant | native | ||||
| Falkland Islands (Malvinas) | extant | native | ||||
| Faroe Islands (to Denmark) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| France | extant | vagrant | ||||
| French Guiana | extant | native | ||||
| French Polynesia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Gambia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Germany | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Guadeloupe (to France) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Guatemala | extant | native | ||||
| Haiti | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Honduras | extant | native | ||||
| Iceland | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Ireland | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Japan | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Kiribati | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Marshall Islands | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Mexico | extant | native | ||||
| Micronesia, Federated States of | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Morocco | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Mozambique | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Namibia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Netherlands | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Nicaragua | extant | native | ||||
| Norway | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Panama | extant | native | ||||
| Paraguay | extant | native | ||||
| Peru | extant | native | ||||
| Portugal | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Puerto Rico (to USA) | extant | native | ||||
| Senegal | extant | vagrant | ||||
| South Africa | extant | vagrant | ||||
| South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Spain | extant | vagrant | ||||
| St Helena (to UK) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| St Pierre and Miquelon (to France) | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Sweden | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Trinidad and Tobago | extant | vagrant | ||||
| United Arab Emirates | extant | vagrant | ||||
| United Kingdom | extant | vagrant | ||||
| United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| USA | extant | native | yes | |||
| Venezuela | extant | native | ||||
| Zambia | extant | vagrant |
| Country/Territory | IBA Name |
|---|---|
| Canada | Beaverhill Lake |
| Canada | Blackstrap Coulee |
| Canada | Frank Lake (south) |
| Canada | Luck Lake |
| Canada | Netley-Libau Marsh |
| Canada | Oak Lake/Plum Lakes Area |
| Canada | Reed Lake |
| Chile | Costa sur de Arica |
| Chile | Desembocadura del Río Bío-Bío |
| Chile | Desembocadura del Río Itata |
| Chile | Desembocadura del Río Lluta |
| Chile | Desembocadura del Río Maipo |
| Chile | Estero Mantagua y Desembocadura del Río Aconcagua |
| Chile | Humedal-Marisma Rocuant Andalién |
| Chile | Isla Santa María |
| Chile | Playa Colún |
| Chile | Playa Pilolcura |
| Chile | Puerto de Arica |
| Chile | Santuario de la Naturaleza Península de Hualpén |
| Ecuador | Áreas costeras de Fernandina y del occidente de Isabela |
| Ecuador | Isla Española |
| Mexico | Centro de Veracruz |
| Peru | Estuario de Virrila |
| Peru | Laguna de Ite |
| Peru | Pantanos de Villa |
| USA | Bear Lake National Wildlife Refuge |
| USA | Bear River Bay UT02 |
| USA | Grays Lake National Wildlife Refuge |
| USA | Market Lake Wildlife Management Area |
| USA | Mud Lake Wildlife Management Area |
| USA | Ogden Bay UT03 |
| USA | Oxford Slough |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Arable Land | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Coastal/Supratidal | Sea Cliffs and Rocky Offshore Islands | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Mud Flats and Salt Flats | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Rocky Shoreline | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Sandy Shoreline and/or Beaches, Sand Bars, Spits, Etc | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Shingle and/or Pebble Shoreline and/or Beaches | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Estuaries | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Macroalgal/Kelp | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Pelagic | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Seagrass (Submerged) | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy-Mud | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Oceanic | Epipelagic (0-200m) | marginal | non-breeding |
| Marine Oceanic | Mesopelagic (200-1000m) | marginal | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands | major | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) | major | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) | major | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) | major | breeding |
| Altitude | 0 - 2500 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Purpose | Scale |
|---|---|
| Pets/display animals, horticulture | international |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Franklin's Gull Larus pipixcan. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/franklins-gull-larus-pipixcan on 26/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 26/12/2024.