• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2019	Near Threatened	A2c+4c
2018	Vulnerable	A2cde
2016	Vulnerable	A2cde
2012	Vulnerable	A2cde+4cde
2008	Vulnerable	A2c,d,e
2004	Vulnerable
2000	Vulnerable
1994	Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	high
Land-mass type		Average mass	105 g

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	14,800 km2	medium
Number of locations	11-100	-
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	100000-499999 mature individuals	poor	estimated	2018
Population trend	unknown	poor	suspected	1998-2008
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	20-29%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	20-29%	-	-	-
Generation length	4.4 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	5	-	-	-

Population justification: Point counts on Montserrat found c.1,200 individuals at 88 stations in the Centre Hills in 2016 (Bambini et al. 2017). As these stations covered only 20-40% of the available forest habitat (Oppel et al. 2014), the population on Montserrat could be between 1,500 - 10,000 individuals (1,000-7,000 mature individuals). A recent study based on surveys and habitat mapping on Guadeloupe has suggested that previous population estimates have been substantial underestimates, with the Guadeloupe population estimated at 46,900 – 49,500 pairs (93,800 – 99,000 mature individuals; Eraud et al. 2012). However, the estimate was based on distance sampling which can be highly inaccurate in dense tropical forests given that most Forest Thrush detections are aural. The sizes of the populations on Dominica and St Lucia are unknown, although the latter is assumed to be very small, if not zero. The total population is therefore placed in the band 100,000-499,999 mature individuals.

Trend justification: The species underwent a significant population reduction over recent decades, particularly during 1995-1997, when the range on Montserrat was reduced by two-thirds by the effects of volcanic eruptions and ash fall (G. Hilton in litt. 2000). However, more recent data has suggested that the species’s population may no longer be declining. In December 1999, the population on Montserrat was estimated at 3,100 birds (Arendt et al. 1999), representing an increase of c.50% since December 1997, with further increases up until 2004, followed by a period of stability and further increased between 2011 and 2016 (Parashuram 2013, S. Oppel in litt. 2016, Bambini et al. 2017, S. Oppel in litt. 2019). Montserrat thus holds a small proportion of the global population, which is stable or slowly increasing. On St Lucia, there has been just one recent record (at Des Chassin in 2007), but it was considered numerous in the late 19^th century, indicating a serious long-term decline, if not extirpation (Keith 1997, B. Ibene in litt. 2014, L. John in litt. 2016, S. Oppel in litt. 2019). Little is known about population trend on Dominica, but the population size is likely low. As a consequence of hurricane Maria, which hit the island in 2017, the population may likely have declined further, though it is still observed there (see recent records on eBird; eBird 2018). The majority of the population is found on Guadeloupe (Eraud et al. 2012), and all evidence suggests only a very slow decline. Precautionarily, it is assumed that the historic decline on St Lucia, the potentially large declines on Dominica and the very slow declines on Guadeloupe sum up to such a magnitude that the species’s global population is currently in decline at a rate approaching 30% over three generations.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Dominica	extant	native	yes
Guadeloupe (to France)	extant	native	yes
Montserrat (to UK)	extant	native	yes
St Lucia	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Dominica	Morne Diablotin National Park
Dominica	Morne Trois Pitons National Park
Guadeloupe (to France)	Forestry massif of Basse-Terre island
Guadeloupe (to France)	Grand Cul-de-Sac Marin's eastern coastline
Montserrat (to UK)	Centre Hills
Montserrat (to UK)	Northern Forested Ghauts
Montserrat (to UK)	South Soufriere Hills
St Lucia	Castries and Dennery Waterworks Reserve and Marquis

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	major	resident
Altitude	0 - 1400 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Species mortality
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Geological events	Volcanoes	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Past, Likely to Return		Minority (<50%)		Rapid Declines		Past Impact
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Herpestes javanicus	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Molothrus bonariensis	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Unspecified species	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		No decline		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Problematic native species/diseases - Turdus nudigenis	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		No decline		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Competition

Purpose	Scale
Food - human	subsistence, national

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Forest Thrush Turdus lherminieri. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/forest-thrush-turdus-lherminieri on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.