VU
Forbes's Blackbird Anumara forbesi



Taxonomy

Taxonomic note

Anumara forbesi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Curaeus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm.

IUCN Red List criteria met and history
Red List criteria met
Critically Endangered Endangered Vulnerable
- - C2a(i); D1

Red List history
Year Category Criteria
2020 Vulnerable C2a(i); D1
2017 Endangered B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)
2016 Endangered B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v);C2a(i)
2012 Endangered B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v);C2a(i)
2008 Endangered B1a+b(i,ii,iii,iv,v); C2a(i)
2004 Endangered
2000 Critically Endangered
1996 Critically Endangered
1994 Critically Endangered
1988 Threatened
Species attributes

Migratory status not a migrant Forest dependency medium
Land-mass type continent
Average mass -
Range

Estimate Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) 447,000 km2 medium
Population
Estimate Data quality Derivation Year of estimate
Population size 600-10000 mature individuals poor estimated 2018
Population trend decreasing poor inferred 2011-2024
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) 1-10% - - -
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) 1-10% - - -
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) 1-10% - - -
Generation length 4.33 years - - -
Number of subpopulations 4-30 - - -
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation 1-89% - - -

Population justification: The species appears to be naturally rare and has localised subpopulations. Based on the opinion of experts with experience of research within the species's range, the total population size is thought to be smaller than 10,000 mature individuals (de Melo Dantas and Albano 2018). Based on the maximum number of individuals seen at one locality (700), the population size is estimated to fall within the band 1,000-2,499 individuals (de Melo Dantas and Albano 2018, D. Lima in litt. 2020), which roughly equates to 667-1,667 mature individuals. The population size is therefore placed in the band 600-10,000 mature individuals.

The species is found in localised subpopulations separated from large areas of unsuitable habitat, and there are no records of individuals moving large distances between habitat patches (de Melo Dantas and Albano 2018). The species is therefore thought to have small subpopulations with fewer than 1,000 mature individuals in each subpopulation (de Melo Dantas and Albano 2018).

Trend justification: The area of forest with at least 30% canopy cover within the species's mapped range declined by 10% over a period of three generations (13 years) from 2006-2019 (Global Forest Watch 2020). The species is known to inhabit forest edges as well as sugar cane and mango plantations, and non-forest habitats, so it is not known whether the reduction in forest habitat has resulted in a similar reduction in population size, but the population size is tentatively inferred to be declining at a suspected rate of up to 10% over three generations (13 years).


Country/territory distribution
Country/Territory Presence Origin Resident Breeding visitor Non-breeding visitor Passage migrant
Brazil extant native yes

Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBA)
Country/Territory IBA Name
Brazil Mata do Estado (Mata do Sirigi)

Habitats & altitude
Habitat (level 1) Habitat (level 2) Importance Occurrence
Forest Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland major resident
Grassland Subtropical/Tropical Seasonally Wet/Flooded major resident
Altitude 0 - 890 m Occasional altitudinal limits  

Threats & impact
Threat (level 1) Threat (level 2) Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Majority (50-90%) Slow, Significant Declines Medium Impact: 6
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Majority (50-90%) Unknown Unknown
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture Livestock farming & ranching - Agro-industry grazing, ranching or farming Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Majority (50-90%) Slow, Significant Declines Medium Impact: 6
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Unknown Unknown
Stresses
Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Molothrus bonariensis Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Majority (50-90%) Unknown Unknown
Stresses
Reduced reproductive success
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Molothrus rufoaxillaris Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Majority (50-90%) Unknown Unknown
Stresses
Reduced reproductive success

Utilisation
Purpose Scale
Pets/display animals, horticulture subsistence, national

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Forbes's Blackbird Anumara forbesi. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/forbess-blackbird-anumara-forbesi on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.