• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic note

Anumara forbesi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Curaeus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	C2a(i); D1

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2020	Vulnerable	C2a(i); D1
2017	Endangered	B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)
2016	Endangered	B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v);C2a(i)
2012	Endangered	B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v);C2a(i)
2008	Endangered	B1a+b(i,ii,iii,iv,v); C2a(i)
2004	Endangered
2000	Critically Endangered
1996	Critically Endangered
1994	Critically Endangered
1988	Threatened

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	medium
Land-mass type	continent	Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	447,000 km2	medium

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	600-10000 mature individuals	poor	estimated	2018
Population trend	decreasing	poor	inferred	2011-2024
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-10%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-10%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-10%	-	-	-
Generation length	4.33 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	4-30	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	1-89%	-	-	-

Population justification: The species appears to be naturally rare and has localised subpopulations. Based on the opinion of experts with experience of research within the species's range, the total population size is thought to be smaller than 10,000 mature individuals (de Melo Dantas and Albano 2018). Based on the maximum number of individuals seen at one locality (700), the population size is estimated to fall within the band 1,000-2,499 individuals (de Melo Dantas and Albano 2018, D. Lima in litt. 2020), which roughly equates to 667-1,667 mature individuals. The population size is therefore placed in the band 600-10,000 mature individuals.

The species is found in localised subpopulations separated from large areas of unsuitable habitat, and there are no records of individuals moving large distances between habitat patches (de Melo Dantas and Albano 2018). The species is therefore thought to have small subpopulations with fewer than 1,000 mature individuals in each subpopulation (de Melo Dantas and Albano 2018).

Trend justification: The area of forest with at least 30% canopy cover within the species's mapped range declined by 10% over a period of three generations (13 years) from 2006-2019 (Global Forest Watch 2020). The species is known to inhabit forest edges as well as sugar cane and mango plantations, and non-forest habitats, so it is not known whether the reduction in forest habitat has resulted in a similar reduction in population size, but the population size is tentatively inferred to be declining at a suspected rate of up to 10% over three generations (13 years).

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Brazil	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Brazil	Mata do Estado (Mata do Sirigi)

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Grassland	Subtropical/Tropical Seasonally Wet/Flooded	major	resident
Altitude	0 - 890 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Livestock farming & ranching - Agro-industry grazing, ranching or farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Molothrus bonariensis	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Molothrus rufoaxillaris	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success

Purpose	Scale
Pets/display animals, horticulture	subsistence, national

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Forbes's Blackbird Anumara forbesi. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/forbess-blackbird-anumara-forbesi on 23/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/11/2024.