• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	A2bcde+3bcde+4bcde; C2a(i)	A2bcde+3bcde+4bcde; C2a(i); D1

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2021	Endangered	A2bcde+3bcde+4bcde; C2a(i)
2016	Vulnerable	A2c+3c+4c;B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v);C2a(i);D1
2012	Vulnerable	A2c+3c+4c;B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v);C2a(i);D1
2008	Vulnerable	B1a+b(i,ii,iii,iv,v); C2a(i); D1
2005	Vulnerable
2004	Endangered
2000	Endangered
1996	Endangered
1994	Endangered
1988	Threatened

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	medium
Land-mass type		Average mass	135 g

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	105,000 km2	medium
Area of Occupancy (breeding/resident)	11,000 km2
Number of locations	11-100	-
Severely fragmented?	yes	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	600-800 mature individuals	medium	estimated	2000
Population trend	decreasing	poor	inferred	2016-2026
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	50-79%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	50-79%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	50-79%	-	-	-
Generation length	3.3 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	8	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	1-89%	-	-	-

Population justification: The population is estimated to number 600-800 mature individuals (A. Mitchell in litt. 1998; A. Kirkconnell in litt. 1999).
The population structure has not been assessed. Based on its localised distribution (Winkler and Christie 2020; eBird 2021), it is likely that the species forms roughly eight small subpopulations. The largest subpopulation of 350-400 individuals is found in the Zapata Swamp (Kirkconnell 2013), which roughly equates to 230-270 mature individuals.

Trend justification: The species is undergoing a decline, mainly as a consequence of ongoing habitat loss. Observations from the Zapata Swamp however show that the number of breeding pairs declined from 30 in 1995 to 4 in 2012 in Bermeja and from 5 breeding pairs in 2007 to 2 in 2012 in Mera-Molina (Kirkconnell and Wiley 2017). Assuming that these declines are representative for the subpopulation in the Zapata Swamp, this subpopulation would be declining by 75% over ten years.
There is no information on the rate of population change in other subpopulations. However, the species is facing the same threats across its range and as such, it is conceivable that all subpopulations are declining at a similar rate. Preliminarily, it is inferred that the species has declined by 50-79% over the past ten years. In view of ongoing threats, declines are suspected to continue into the future (C. Sharpe and G. Kirwan in litt. 2021).

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Cuba	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Cuba	Cayo Sabinal, Ballenatos y Manglares de la Bahía de Nuevitas
Cuba	Ciénaga de Zapata
Cuba	Delta del Cauto
Cuba	Desembarco del Granma
Cuba	Hatibonico - Baitiquirí - Imías
Cuba	Limones - Tuabaquey
Cuba	Mil Cumbres
Cuba	Río Máximo
Cuba	Sierra del Chorrillo
Cuba	Sierra del Rosario
Cuba	Turquino - Bayamesa

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Pastureland	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	major	resident
Savanna	Dry	major	resident
Wetlands (inland)	Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands	suitable	resident
Altitude		Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 7
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 7
		Stresses Species mortality
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Unintentional effects (species is not the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 7
		Stresses Species disturbance, Ecosystem degradation, Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality
Climate change & severe weather	Storms & flooding	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 7
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Felis catus	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Sus scrofa	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Problematic native species/diseases - Colaptes auratus	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Competition
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Problematic native species/diseases - Melanerpes superciliaris	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Competition
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Problematic native species/diseases - Xiphidiopicus percussus	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Competition

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Fernandina's Flicker Colaptes fernandinae. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/fernandinas-flicker-colaptes-fernandinae on 22/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/11/2024.