Eurasian Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus) - BirdLife species factsheet

Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer montanus

Current view: Data table and detailed info

Taxonomy

Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Christidis, L. and Boles, W.E. 2008. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

IUCN Red List criteria met and history

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2016	Least Concern
2012	Least Concern
2009	Least Concern
2008	Least Concern
2004	Least Concern
2000	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1994	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Species attributes

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	low
Land-mass type		Average mass	22 g

Range

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	98,800,000 km²	medium
Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding)	98,300,000 km²	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

Population

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	190000000-309999999 mature individuals	poor	estimated	2012
Population trend	decreasing	-	suspected	-
Generation length	5.7 years	-	-	-

Population justification: Rich et al. (2004) estimated the global population to number 20,000,000 individuals. In Europe, the breeding population is estimated to number 24,000,000-38,200,000 pairs, which equates to 47,900,000-76,400,000 mature individuals (BirdLife International 2015). Europe forms c.25% of the global range, so a very preliminary estimate of the global population size is 191,000,000-306,000,000 individuals, although further validation of this estimate is needed.

Trend justification: The population was suspected to be stable overall in the absence of evidence for any declines or substantial threats. However in Europe, trends between 1980 and 2013 show that populations have undergone a moderate decline (EBCC 2015). The overall trend is therefore estimated to be decreasing.

Country/territory distribution

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Afghanistan	extant	native	yes
Albania	extant	native		yes
Algeria	extant	vagrant			yes
Andorra	extant	native	yes
Armenia	extant	native		yes
Australia	extant	introduced		yes
Austria	extant	native	yes
Azerbaijan	extant	native	yes
Belarus	extant	native	yes
Belgium	extant	native	yes
Bhutan	extant	native		yes
Bosnia and Herzegovina	extant	native		yes
Brunei	extant	native		yes
Bulgaria	extant	native	yes
Cambodia	extant	native		yes
Canada	extant	introduced	yes
China (mainland)	extant	native		yes
Christmas Island (to Australia)	extant	native	yes
Croatia	extant	native	yes
Cyprus	extant	native	yes
Czechia	extant	native	yes
Denmark	extant	native	yes
Egypt	extant	vagrant			yes
Estonia	extant	native	yes
Faroe Islands (to Denmark)	extant	native		yes
Finland	extant	native	yes
France	extant	native	yes
Georgia	extant	native		yes
Germany	extant	native	yes			yes
Gibraltar (to UK)	extant	vagrant			yes
Greece	extant	native	yes			yes
Guam (to USA)	extant	introduced		yes
Hong Kong (China)	extant	native		yes
Hungary	extant	native	yes
Iceland	extant	vagrant			yes
India	extant	native	yes
Indonesia	extant	native		yes
Iran, Islamic Republic of	extant	native	yes
Iraq	extant	native			yes
Ireland	extant	native	yes
Israel	extant	vagrant			yes
Italy	extant	native	yes
Japan	extant	native		yes
Kazakhstan	extant	native		yes
Kyrgyzstan	extant	native		yes
Laos	extant	native		yes
Latvia	extant	native	yes
Lebanon	extant	vagrant			yes
Liechtenstein	extant	native		yes
Lithuania	extant	native	yes
Luxembourg	extant	native	yes
Macao (China)	extant	native
Malaysia	extant	native		yes
Malta	extant	native	yes
Marshall Islands	extant	introduced		yes
Micronesia, Federated States of	extant	introduced		yes
Moldova	extant	native	yes
Mongolia	extant	native		yes
Montenegro	extant	native		yes
Morocco	extant	vagrant			yes
Myanmar	extant	native		yes
Nepal	extant	native		yes
Netherlands	extant	native	yes
North Korea	extant	native		yes
North Macedonia	extant	native	yes
Northern Mariana Islands (to USA)	extant	introduced		yes
Norway	extant	native		yes
Palau	extant	introduced		yes
Philippines	extant	introduced		yes
Poland	extant	native		yes
Portugal	extant	native	yes
Romania	extant	native	yes
Russia	extant	native	yes	yes
Russia (Asian)	extant	native		yes
Russia (Central Asian)	extant	native	yes
Russia (European)	extant	native		yes
Serbia	extant	native		yes
Singapore	extant	native		yes
Slovakia	extant	native	yes
Slovenia	extant	native	yes
South Korea	extant	native		yes
Spain	extant	native	yes
Sudan	extant	uncertain			yes
Sweden	extant	native	yes
Switzerland	extant	native	yes
Syria	extant	native			yes
Taiwan, China	extant	native		yes
Tajikistan	extant	native		yes
Thailand	extant	native		yes
Timor-Leste	extant	introduced	yes
Tunisia	extant	vagrant			yes
Türkiye	extant	native	yes
Turkmenistan	extant	native		yes
Ukraine	extant	native	yes
United Arab Emirates	extant	vagrant			yes
United Kingdom	extant	native	yes
USA	extant	introduced	yes
Uzbekistan	extant	native		yes
Vietnam	extant	native		yes

Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBA)

Country/Territory	IBA Name

Habitats & altitude

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Arable Land	suitable	resident
Artificial/Terrestrial	Pastureland	suitable	resident
Artificial/Terrestrial	Rural Gardens	suitable	resident
Artificial/Terrestrial	Urban Areas	suitable	resident
Forest	Temperate	suitable	resident
Shrubland	Temperate	suitable	resident
Altitude		Occasional altitudinal limits

Utilisation

Purpose	Scale
Food - human	subsistence, national
Pets/display animals, horticulture	subsistence, national
Sport hunting/specimen collecting	subsistence, national

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer montanus. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/eurasian-tree-sparrow-passer-montanus on 22/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/11/2024.