LC
Eurasian Penduline-tit Remiz pendulinus



Taxonomy

Taxonomic note
Remiz macronyx has been lumped with Eurasian Penduline-tit R. pendulinus, after detailed molecular analysis (Barani-Beiranvand et al. 2017) suggested that there is very little difference between the forms and that R. pendulinus/macronyx, R. coronatus and R. consobrinus form three independent evolutionary lineages.

Further support for the two superficial distinctive types actually belonging to a single species can be found in the taxonomic notes in the Checklist, which mention taxa (bostanjogli, loudoni and altaicus) now known to be hybrids between the two species, while R. m. ssaposhnikowi is so variable that it, too, is probably better considered a hybrid, and the race R. p. caspius is admitted as possibly better belonging with R. macronyx. Such taxonomic uncertainty suggests a boundary between the two species so porous that the only reasonable course is to treat them as one. 

Taxonomic source(s)
Barani‐Beiranvand, H., Aliabadian, M., Irestedt, M., Qu, Y., Darvish, J., Székely, T., Van Dijk, R.E. and Ericson, P.G. 2017. Phylogeny of penduline tits inferred from mitochondrial and microsatellite genotyping. Journal of avian biology 48(7): 932-940.
Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International. 2019. Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 4. Available at: https://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v4_Dec19.zip.

IUCN Red List criteria met and history
Red List criteria met
Critically Endangered Endangered Vulnerable
- - -

Red List history
Year Category Criteria
2019 Least Concern
2016 Not Recognised
2012 Not Recognised
2008 Not Recognised
2004 Not Recognised
2000 Not Recognised
1994 Not Recognised
1988 Not Recognised
Species attributes

Migratory status full migrant Forest dependency unset
Land-mass type Average mass -
Range

Estimate Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) 16,600,000 km2
Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding) 18,500,000 km2
Severely fragmented? no -
Population
Estimate Data quality Derivation Year of estimate
Population size 1400000 mature individuals poor estimated 2019
Population trend increasing - estimated -
Generation length 3.7 years - - -

Population justification: An estimate combining various basic regional summaries in Madge (2019) would put the global population at over 1,400,000. This excludes the subspecies R. p. macronyx, so it is preliminarily used here as a minimum estimate.

Trend justification: The population is estimated to be increasing following substantial recorded range expansions and only minor range contractions (Harrap and Quinn 1996). In many cases, human disturbance has provided more habitat through, for example, the creation of fish farms and lakes through mining subsidence (Madge 2019). Historical declines of the subspecies macronyx through agricultural changes in central Asia and the disappearance of the Aral Sea are thought to have been significant (Madge 2019).


Country/territory distribution
Country/Territory Presence Origin Resident Breeding visitor Non-breeding visitor Passage migrant
Afghanistan extant native yes
Albania extant native yes
Armenia extant native yes
Austria extant native yes
Azerbaijan extant native yes
Bahrain extant vagrant
Belarus extant native yes
Belgium extant native yes
Bosnia and Herzegovina extant native yes
Bulgaria extant native yes
Croatia extant native yes
Cyprus extant native yes
Czechia extant native yes
Denmark extant native yes yes
Estonia extant native yes
Finland extant native yes
France extant native yes yes
Georgia extant native yes
Germany extant native yes yes
Greece extant native yes
Hungary extant native yes
Iran, Islamic Republic of extant native yes
Iraq extant native yes
Israel extant native yes
Italy extant native yes yes
Jordan extant native yes yes
Kazakhstan extant native yes
Kuwait extant native yes
Kyrgyzstan extant native yes
Latvia extant native yes
Lebanon extant native yes
Liechtenstein extant vagrant
Lithuania extant native yes
Luxembourg extant native yes
Malta extant native yes
Moldova extant native yes
Montenegro extant native yes
Morocco extant vagrant
Netherlands extant native yes
North Macedonia extant native yes
Norway extant native yes
Oman extant vagrant
Poland extant native yes
Portugal extant native yes
Qatar extant vagrant
Romania extant native yes
Russia extant native yes
Russia (Asian) extant native yes
Russia (Central Asian) extant native yes
Russia (European) extant native yes
Saudi Arabia extant native yes
Serbia extant native yes
Slovakia extant native yes
Slovenia extant native yes
Spain extant native yes
Sweden extant native yes
Switzerland extant native yes
Syria extant native yes
Tajikistan extant native yes
Tunisia extant vagrant
Türkiye extant native yes
Turkmenistan extant native yes
Ukraine extant native yes yes
United Kingdom extant vagrant
Uzbekistan extant native yes yes

Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBA)
Country/Territory IBA Name
Serbia Carska bara
Serbia Gornje Potamisje
Serbia Srednje Potamišje
Serbia Zasavica

Habitats & altitude
Habitat (level 1) Habitat (level 2) Importance Occurrence
Forest Temperate suitable breeding
Shrubland Temperate suitable breeding
Wetlands (inland) Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands suitable breeding
Wetlands (inland) Shrub Dominated Wetlands suitable breeding
Altitude   Occasional altitudinal limits  

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Eurasian Penduline-tit Remiz pendulinus. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/eurasian-penduline-tit-remiz-pendulinus on 09/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 09/12/2024.