• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
D	D	D1

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2021	Critically Endangered	D
2019	Critically Endangered	D
2018	Critically Endangered	D
2016	Critically Endangered	D
2015	Critically Endangered	D
2012	Critically Endangered	D
2009	Critically Endangered	D1
2008	Critically Endangered
2004	Critically Endangered
2000	Critically Endangered
1996	Critically Endangered
1994	Critically Endangered
1988	Threatened

Migratory status	full migrant	Forest dependency	does not normally occur in forest
Land-mass type	continent	Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	0-49 mature individuals	poor	estimated	2019
Population trend	unknown	-	-	-
Generation length	6.68 years	-	-	-

Population justification: Any remaining population is assumed to be tiny (numbering fewer than 50 individuals and mature individuals), as there have been no confirmed sightings since the early 1960s.

Trend justification: The population trend of this species is unknown since the last confirmed sightings of this species occurred in the early 1960s.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Argentina	possibly extinct	native			yes
Barbados	possibly extinct	native			yes	yes
Bermuda (to UK)	extinct	vagrant
Bolivia	possibly extinct	vagrant
Brazil	possibly extinct	native			yes	yes
Canada	possibly extinct	native		yes		yes
Chile	possibly extinct	native			yes
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)	extinct	vagrant
Greenland (to Denmark)	extinct	vagrant
Grenada	extinct	vagrant
Guadeloupe (to France)	extinct	vagrant
Guatemala	extinct	vagrant
Iceland	extinct	vagrant
Ireland	extinct	vagrant
Mexico	possibly extinct	native				yes
Paraguay	possibly extinct	native				yes
Puerto Rico (to USA)	extinct	vagrant
Russia	extinct	vagrant
Russia (Asian)	extinct	vagrant
St Vincent and the Grenadines	extinct	vagrant
Trinidad and Tobago	possibly extinct	vagrant
United Kingdom	extinct	vagrant
Uruguay	possibly extinct	native			yes
USA	possibly extinct	native				yes
Virgin Islands (to USA)	extinct	vagrant

Country/Territory	IBA Name

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Grassland	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	major	non-breeding
Grassland	Tundra	major	breeding
Altitude	0 - 350 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Unknown		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Livestock farming & ranching - Agro-industry grazing, ranching or farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Unknown		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Past, Unlikely to Return		Unknown		Unknown		Past Impact
		Stresses Species mortality
Climate change & severe weather	Habitat shifting & alteration	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Future		Whole (>90%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Indirect ecosystem effects, Ecosystem degradation
Energy production & mining	Mining & quarrying	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Unknown		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Purpose	Scale
Food - human	subsistence, national
Pets/display animals, horticulture	international
Sport hunting/specimen collecting	subsistence, national

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Eskimo Curlew Numenius borealis. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/eskimo-curlew-numenius-borealis on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.