LC
Emperor Goose Anser canagicus



Taxonomy

Taxonomic note
Anser canagicus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Chen. Elsewhere sometimes placed in monospecific Philacte. Monotypic.

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

IUCN Red List criteria met and history
Red List criteria met
Critically Endangered Endangered Vulnerable
- - -

Red List history
Year Category Criteria
2023 Least Concern
2016 Near Threatened A2de+4cde
2012 Near Threatened A2de+4cde
2008 Near Threatened A2b,d,e
2006 Near Threatened
2004 Near Threatened
2000 Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1994 Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988 Lower Risk/Least Concern
Species attributes

Migratory status full migrant Forest dependency does not normally occur in forest
Land-mass type continent
Average mass -
Range

Estimate Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) 775,000 km2 good
Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding) 2,530,000 km2 good
Severely fragmented? no -
Population
Estimate Data quality Derivation Year of estimate
Population size 90000-120000 mature individuals good estimated 2016
Population trend increasing good estimated -
Generation length 8.14 years - - -
Number of subpopulations 1-2,1 - - -
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation 100% - - -

Population justification: MNRE (2021) indicate that the total population is c.45,000 breeding pairs (c.90,000 mature individuals), which is broadly consistent with spring counts in Alaska typically finding 60,000-80,000 birds, not all of which will be mature individuals (Schmutz et al. 2020). Wetlands International (2022), citing Dooley et al. (2016) for justification, suggest a global population of 158,000 birds, although it is unclear what percentage of these are mature individuals. Overall, the population is estimated at 90,000-120,000 mature individuals to account for these uncertainties, as well as annual variation (see USFWS 2022).

Trend justification: In the USA, where approximately 70% of the population breeds, the trend is thought to have been declining between 1964 and 1981. Between 1981 and 2015, population trends from spring aerial staging surveys were essentially stable (CAFF 2018), while summer aerial surveys from the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta between 1985 and 2014 showed an annualised growth rate of 2.9% per year. In Russia, numbers of moulting geese in southern Chukotka also showed an increased since the mid-1990s (CAFF 2018). Such trends (using largely the same, though more contemporary, data) are repeated in most recent sources (e.g. Figure 13, in USFWS 2022). The principal threat to this species, hunting, is unlikely to cause substantial declines in the future, with offtake carefully managed by the USFWS, with a closure of all hunting if/when numbers fall below a set three-year running average and strict enforcement of harvest restrictions (Schmutz et al. 2020, USFWS 2022). Although listed as Vulnerable in the national red list of Russia, there too the population is reportedly increasing (CAFF 2018, MNRE 2021). Globally therefore, the global population trend is set to increasing, with no immediate indication this is at risk of changing in the near future.


Country/territory distribution
Country/Territory Presence Origin Resident Breeding visitor Non-breeding visitor Passage migrant
Canada extant vagrant yes
Russia extant native yes yes yes
Russia (Asian) extant native yes yes yes
USA extant native yes yes yes

Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBA)
Country/Territory IBA Name
Russia (Asian) Commander Islands
Russia (Asian) Getlyangen lagoon and Khalyustkin cape
Russia (Asian) Lower Anadyr lowlands
Russia (Asian) Mechigmenskiy Gulf
Russia (Asian) Meechkyn spit and adjacent plain
Russia (Asian) Meinypylginski and Kapylgyn lakes
Russia (Asian) Vankarem lowlands and Kolyuchin bay
USA Bechevin Bay
USA Carter Bay
USA Central Yukon - Kuskokwim
USA Chagvan Bay
USA Chignik Bay
USA Chiniak Bay
USA Cinder River-Hook Lagoon
USA Egegik Bay
USA Goodnews Bay
USA Ivanof Bay
USA Izembek-Moffet-Kinzarof Lagoons
USA Kuluk Bay
USA Kuskokwim River Delta
USA Kvichak Bay
USA Nanvak Bay
USA Nelson Lagoon-Mud Bay
USA Nushagak Bay
USA Nushagak Bay, marine
USA Port Heiden
USA Port Moller-Herendeen Bay
USA Seal Islands
USA Ugashik Bay
USA Wide Bay

Habitats & altitude
Habitat (level 1) Habitat (level 2) Importance Occurrence
Grassland Tundra major breeding
Marine Coastal/Supratidal Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes suitable passage
Marine Intertidal Rocky Shoreline major non-breeding
Marine Intertidal Tidepools major non-breeding
Marine Neritic Estuaries suitable non-breeding
Wetlands (inland) Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) major breeding
Altitude 0 - 150 m Occasional altitudinal limits  

Threats & impact
Threat (level 1) Threat (level 2) Impact and Stresses
Biological resource use Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) No decline Low Impact: 4
Stresses
Species mortality
Climate change & severe weather Habitat shifting & alteration Timing Scope Severity Impact
Future Whole (>90%) Unknown Unknown
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Reduced reproductive success
Human intrusions & disturbance Recreational activities Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) No decline Low Impact: 4
Stresses
Species disturbance
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Vulpes lagopus Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) No decline Low Impact: 4
Stresses
Species disturbance, Species mortality
Pollution Domestic & urban waste water - Run-off Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) No decline Low Impact: 4
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Species mortality

Utilisation
Purpose Scale
Food - human subsistence, national
Sport hunting/specimen collecting national, international

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Emperor Goose Anser canagicus. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/emperor-goose-anser-canagicus on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.