Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Near Threatened | A3c+4c |
| 2016 | Near Threatened | C1 |
| 2012 | Near Threatened | C2a(ii) |
| 2008 | Near Threatened | C2a(ii) |
| 2007 | Near Threatened | |
| 2004 | Vulnerable | |
| 2000 | Vulnerable | |
| 1996 | Vulnerable | |
| 1994 | Vulnerable | |
| 1988 | Threatened |
| Migratory status | not a migrant | Forest dependency | medium |
| Land-mass type |
continent |
Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 741,000 km2 | medium |
| Severely fragmented? | no | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population size | 10000-19999 mature individuals | medium | inferred | 2012 |
| Population trend | decreasing | - | inferred | 2017-2027 |
| Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 5-15% | - | - | - |
| Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 20-25% | - | - | - |
| Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 20-25% | - | - | - |
| Generation length | 3.07 years | - | - | - |
| Number of subpopulations | 4-20 | - | - | - |
| Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation | 1-89% | - | - | - |
Population justification: Arabuko-Sokoke Forest in Kenya is believed to support c.7,500 pairs or around 15,000 mature individuals. Zanzibar is thought to host 100 pairs (L. Hansen in litt. 2021). Other subpopulations in Tanzania, Malawi and Mozambique are not thought to be large. Hence the global population is best treated as moderately small, at 10,000-19,999 mature individuals. This equates to 15,000-29,999 individuals in total.
Trend justification: The population is inferred to be in decline owing to ongoing habitat destruction. Remote-sensing data suggests that this species's range lost 9.7% of forest cover between 2010-2020 (Global Forest Watch 2021). Between 2017-2020, the range lost 4.2% of forest cover (Global Forest Watch 2021), equivalent to 10.2% when projected forward over 10 years. With the additional habitat degradation and the removal of dead logs and moss (P. Matiku in litt. 2021; J. John in litt. 2021), it is suspected that the species may experience declines in the range of 20-25% over three generations in the future.
| Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kenya | extant | native | yes | |||
| Malawi | extant | native | yes | |||
| Mozambique | extant | native | yes | |||
| Tanzania | extant | native | yes |
| Country/Territory | IBA Name |
|---|---|
| Kenya | Arabuko-Sokoke Forest |
| Kenya | Lower Tana River Forests |
| Kenya | Shimba Hills |
| Malawi | Lake-shore Forest Reserves |
| Malawi | South Viphya Forest Reserve |
| Mozambique | Mount Mabu |
| Mozambique | Zambezi River Delta |
| Tanzania | East Usambara Mountains |
| Tanzania | Jozani Forest |
| Tanzania | Kisarawe District Coastal Forests |
| Tanzania | Lindi District Coastal Forests |
| Tanzania | Nguu Mountains |
| Tanzania | Pande Game Reserve and Dondwe Coastal Forests |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Plantations | marginal | unknown |
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | major | resident |
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland | major | resident |
| Altitude | 0 - 1750 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Future | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
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| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
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| Biological resource use | Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest] | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
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| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Unspecified species | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
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| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Problematic native species/diseases - Loxodonta cyclotis | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: East Coast Akalat Sheppardia gunningi. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/east-coast-akalat-sheppardia-gunningi on 26/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 26/12/2024.