• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
Christidis, L. and Boles, W.E. 2008. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	A2bce+3ce+4bce

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2022	Vulnerable	A2bce+3ce+4bce
2018	Least Concern
2016	Least Concern
2012	Least Concern
2008	Near Threatened	A2b,c,e
2004	Near Threatened
2000	Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1994	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	low
Land-mass type	Australia	Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	1,175,000 km2	medium
Area of Occupancy (breeding/resident)	12,500 km2
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	68000-272000, 136000 mature individuals	poor	estimated	2020
Population trend	decreasing	good	inferred	2016-2026
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	30-49%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	30-49%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	30-49%	-	-	-
Generation length	2.3 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	3-20	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	1-89%	-	-	-

Population justification: The population sizes here follow estimations made by Hodder et al. (2021), who applied densities recorded in 2-ha 20-minute surveys (2.72±SD 2.99; BirdLife Australia 2020) to three measures of AOO: the minimum is the number of 2x2 km squares with records since 1990, the best estimate is double this value to account for unsurveyed area, and the maximum is four times this. Within each 1 km², four hectares of suitable habitat was assumed. While the actual area occupied may have been less than four hectares and densities higher than in the broader landscape, many areas with birds have undoubtedly not been surveyed. The population is therefore estimated at 68,000-272,000 mature individuals, with a best estimate of 136,000 (Hodder et al. 2021). However, the reliability of these estimates is considered low (S. Garnett in litt. 2021).

Trend justification: Although reporting rates were stable between BirdLife Australia Atlases (Barrett et al. 2002), Diamond Firetails are one of a suite of taxa considered to be declining in south-eastern Australia. Historical contractions in the range have been matched by declines around Adelaide (Paton et al. 1994) and in western New South Wales and northern Victoria (Reid 1999, Olsen et al. 2005) where reporting rates declined in parts of New South Wales that had been more intensively developed (Barrett et al. 2007). Recent trends in reporting rates across the range of the species are consistent with this: from 2000–2019, reporting rates from 2-ha 20-minute counts and 500-m area searches declined by 58% and 46%, respectively (2000–2009: 40% and 41%; 2010–2019: 35% and 7%). However, not all regional results are consistent. In the Mt Lofty Ranges, abundance in 151 2-ha plots monitored annually 2001–2016 declined by about 2% per year (see Hodder et al. 2021), equivalent to 19-20% over 10 years. In north-east New South Wales, reporting rates at 41 sites declined from 18% in 1977–1980 to 12% in 2004–2006 (Gosper and Gosper 2016) and 0% in 2020 (Hodder et al. 2021). However, there was no significant change in reporting rates from 2-ha 20-min surveys for 1999–2013 for the Brigalow Belt or South-east Mainland regions (BirdLife Australia 2015); there was a strongly significant increase of 10% p.a. in surveys during 2000–2015 at over 165 sites in southern New South Wales (Lindenmayer et al. 2018); and drought had no impact on reporting rates in central New South Wales (Ellis and Taylor 2014). Reporting rates in the Australian Capital Territory show a six-fold fluctuation, with peaks in 1987–1996 and 2006–2011 and a trough in 2000–2006 and a steady decline from 2011–2017 (Canberra Ornithologists Group 2020). Combining and evaluating these trends and analyses, Hodder et al. (2021) estimated a global rate of decline of 30-49% over the past three generations and, given no indication of stability or cessation of threats, this same rate is precautionarily suspected to occur into the future.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Australia	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Australia	Barmah-Millewa
Australia	Bendigo Box-Ironbark Region
Australia	Bundarra-Barraba
Australia	Capertee Valley
Australia	Goonoo
Australia	Greater Blue Mountains
Australia	Little Desert
Australia	Maryborough-Dunolly Box-Ironbark Region
Australia	Mudgee-Wollar
Australia	Patho Plains
Australia	Pilliga
Australia	Puckapunyal
Australia	Rushworth Box-Ironbark Region
Australia	South-west Slopes of NSW
Australia	St Arnaud Box-Ironbark Region
Australia	Traprock
Australia	Warby-Chiltern Box-Ironbark Region

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	suitable	resident
Grassland	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	major	resident
Savanna	Dry	major	resident
Altitude	0 - 1180 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 7
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Livestock farming & ranching - Agro-industry grazing, ranching or farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Unknown		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Nassella trichotoma	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Unspecified species	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Problematic native species/diseases - Neochmia temporalis	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Competition
Natural system modifications	Other ecosystem modifications	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation

Purpose	Scale
Pets/display animals, horticulture	international

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Diamond Firetail Stagonopleura guttata. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/diamond-firetail-stagonopleura-guttata on 22/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/11/2024.