NT
Diademed Plover Phegornis mitchellii



Taxonomy

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm.

IUCN Red List criteria met and history
Red List criteria met
Critically Endangered Endangered Vulnerable
- - -

Red List history
Year Category Criteria
2024 Near Threatened C2a(i)
2016 Near Threatened C2a(i)
2012 Near Threatened C2a(i)
2008 Near Threatened C2a(i)
2006 Near Threatened
2004 Near Threatened
2000 Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1994 Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1988 Near Threatened
Species attributes

Migratory status altitudinal migrant Forest dependency does not normally occur in forest
Land-mass type continent
Average mass 36 g
Range

Estimate Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) 1,935,800 km2 medium
Severely fragmented? no -
Population
Estimate Data quality Derivation Year of estimate
Population size 1500-7000 mature individuals poor estimated 2023
Population trend decreasing poor suspected -
Generation length 3.06 years - - -
Number of subpopulations 2-100 - - -
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation 1-89% - - -

Population justification: Despite its large vast range, P. mitchellii is very patchily distributed and is thought to have a small population size. Boyla and Estrada (2005) and Wetlands International (2012) both cite a best-guess estimate of less than 10,000 individuals. More recently, Lesterhuis et al. (in prep.) more precisely estimate 3,300 individuals. To account for considerably uncertainty, the total global population is estimate at 2,500-9,999 individuals, not all of which will be mature. The breeding population is estimated at c.1,500-7,000 mature individuals.

Trend justification: No monitoring data are available from which to robustly estimate trends. Precautionarily, suspected to be (probably slowly) declining, in response to a number of threats to its habitat including conversion of peatlands to agriculture, including the direct extraction of peat (Sayers II 2020). Peatlands in the Andes are also projected to contract in extent in response to climate change (Gibbons 2012) which may negatively impact this species.


Country/territory distribution
Country/Territory Presence Origin Resident Breeding visitor Non-breeding visitor Passage migrant
Argentina extant native yes
Bolivia extant native yes
Chile extant native yes
Peru extant native yes

Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBA)
Country/Territory IBA Name
Argentina Parque Nacional Campo de los Alisos
Argentina Parque Provincial Cumbres Calchaquíes
Argentina Parque Provincial La Florida
Argentina Reserva Provincial Laguna Brava
Argentina Reserva Provincial Olaroz-Cauchari
Argentina Sierra de Santa Victoria
Bolivia Lagunas de Agua Dulce del Sureste de Potosí
Bolivia Parque Nacional Sajama
Bolivia Southern slopes of Tunari National Park (Vertiente Sur del Parque Nacional Tunari IBA)
Peru Reserva Nacional Salinas y Aguada Blanca

Habitats & altitude
Habitat (level 1) Habitat (level 2) Importance Occurrence
Grassland Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude major resident
Wetlands (inland) Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands major resident
Altitude 2850 - 5000 m Occasional altitudinal limits (min) 2000 m

Threats & impact
Threat (level 1) Threat (level 2) Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture Livestock farming & ranching - Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Slow, Significant Declines Low Impact: 5
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation
Climate change & severe weather Habitat shifting & alteration Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Whole (>90%) Unknown Unknown
Stresses
Ecosystem conversion
Energy production & mining Mining & quarrying Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Slow, Significant Declines Low Impact: 5
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation
Human intrusions & disturbance Recreational activities Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Slow, Significant Declines Low Impact: 5
Stresses
Species disturbance
Natural system modifications Dams & water management/use - Abstraction of surface water (domestic use) Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Slow, Significant Declines Low Impact: 5
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation
Transportation & service corridors Roads & railroads Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Slow, Significant Declines Low Impact: 5
Stresses
Species disturbance, Ecosystem degradation

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Diademed Plover Phegornis mitchellii. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/diademed-plover-phegornis-mitchellii on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.