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Bird, J.P., Martin, R., Akçakaya, H.R., Gilroy, J., Burfield, I.J., Garnett, S.G., Symes, A., Taylor, J., Şekercioğlu, Ç.H. and Butchart, S.H.M. 2020. Generation lengths of the world’s birds and their implications for extinction risk. Conservation Biology 34(5): 1252-1261. DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13486.

Braby, J. 2010. New migration records for the Damara Tern Sterna balaenarum. Ornithological Observations 1: 38-41.

Braby, J. 2011. The conservation and biology of the Damara Tern in Namibia. University of Cape Town.

Braby, J.; Braby, R.J.; Braby, N.; Simmons, R.E. 2009. Protecting Damara Terns Sterna balaenarum from recreational disturbance in the Namib Desert increases breeding density and overall success. Ostrich 80(2): 71-75.

Braby, J.; Braby, S.J.; Braby, R.J.; Altwegg, R. 2012. Annual survival and dispersal of a seabird adapted to a stable environment: implications for survival. Journal of Ornithology 153: 809-816.

Braby, R.J.; Shapira, A.; Simmons, R.E. 2001. Successful conservation measures and new breeding records for Damara Terns Sterna balaenarum in Namibia. Marine Ornithology 29: 81-84.

Crawford RJM, Dyer BM, Geldenhuys L, Oosthuizen WH, Makhado AB. 2018. Seabird breeding populations decrease along the arid coastline of South Africa’s Northern Cape province. Ostrich 89: 299-305.

del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. and Sargatal, J. (eds). 1996. Handbook of the Birds of the World, Vol. 3: Hoatzin to Auks. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain.

Demey, R.; Fishpool, L.D.C. 1991. Additions and annotations to the avifauna of Côte d'Ivoire. Malimbus 12: 61-86.

Du Toit, M.; Boere, G. C.; Cooper, J.; de Villiers, M. S.; Kemper, J.; Lenton, B.; Petersen, S. L.; Simmons, R. E.; Whittington, P. A.; Byers, O. P. 2002. Conservation assessment and management plan for southern African seabirds.

Gochfeld, M. and Burger, J. 1996. Sternidae (Terns). In: J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott & J. Sargatal (eds), Handbook of the birds of the world, pp. 624-667. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain.

Hagen, C. & Wanless, R. 2015. International Multi-species Action Plan for the Conservation of Benguela Upwelling System Coastal Seabirds. AEWA Technical Series No. 60. Bonn, Germany.

Harrison, J. A., Allan, D. G., Underhill, L. G., Herremans, M., Tree, A. J., Parker, V. & Brown, C. J. 1997. The Atlas of Southern African Birds. BirdLife South Africa, Johannesburg.

Hockey, P. A. R., Dean, W. R. J. & Ryan, P. G. 2005. Roberts Birds of Southern Africa. Trustees of the John Voelcker Bird Book Fund, Cape Town, South Africa.

IUCN. 2021. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2021-3. Available at: https://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 09 December 2021).

Roux, J.P. 2003. Risks. In: Molloy, F.; Reinikainen, T. (ed.), Namibia’s Marine Environment, pp. 137-152. Directorate of Environmental Affairs of the Ministry of Environment and Tourism, Windhoek, Namibia.

Simmons, R.E. 2010. First breeding records for Damara Terns and density of other shorebirds along Angola's Namib Desert coast. Ostrich 81(1): 19-23.

Simmons, R.E.; Cordes, I.; Braby, R. 1998. Latitudinal trends, population size and habitat preferences of the Damara Tern Sterna balaenarum on Namibia's desert coast. Ibis 140: 439-445.

Urban, E.K., Fry, C.H. and Keith, S. 1986. The Birds of Africa, Volume II. Academic Press, London.

Wetlands International. 2021. "Waterbird Population Estimates" . Available at: https://wpe.wetlands.org. (Accessed: 27/01/2021).

Williams, A.J.; Ward, V.L.; Underhill, L.G. 2004. Waders respond quickly and positively to the banning from beaches in South Africa. Wader Study Group Bulletin 104: 79–81.

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Damara Tern Sternula balaenarum. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/damara-tern-sternula-balaenarum on 22/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/11/2024.