Data Zone
A. Mischenko, A.D. Fox, S. Švažas, O. Sukhanova, A. Czajkowski, S. Kharitonov, Y. Lokhman, O. Ostrovsky. D Vaitkuvienė. 2020. Recent changes in breeding abundance and distribution of the Common Pochard (Aythya ferina) in its eastern range. Avian Research 11(23).
Albrecht, T.; Horák, D.; Kreisinger, J.; Weidinger, K.; Klvana, P.; Michot, T. C. 2006. Factors Determining Pochard Nest Predation Along a Wetland Gradient. Journal of Wildlife Management 70(3): 784-791.
Ash, J.; Atkins, J. 2009. Birds of Ethiopia and Eritrea: an atlas of distribution. Christopher Helm, London.
Axel Hirschfeld, Geraldine Attard, Lloyd Scott. 2019. Bird hunting in Europe:an analysis of bag figures and the potential impact on theconservation of threatened species. British Birds 112(3): 153-166.
Babayev Ilyas Razzag, Mukhtarov Hafiz Shahhuseyn, Huseynov Rafig Azizagha. 2020. Number Density, Dynamics, Concentration Places and Status of Species from the Genera Diving Ducks (Aythya Boil, 1822) and Mergansers (Merqus Linn., 1758) in the South Part of the Azerbaijan Sector of Caspian Sea. Journal of New Theory 32: 71-78.
Balmaki, B. and Barati, A. 2006. Harvesting status of migratory waterfowl in northern Iran: a case study from Gilan Province. In: Boere, G., Galbraith, C. and Stroud, D. (eds), Waterbirds around the world, pp. 868-869. The Stationary Office, Edinburgh, UK.
Bartoszewicz, M. and Zalewski, A. 2003. American mink, Mustela vison diet and predation on waterfowl in the Slonsk Reserve, western Poland. Folia Zoologica 52(3): 225-238.
Bird, J.P., Martin, R., Akçakaya, H.R., Gilroy, J., Burfield, I.J., Garnett, S.G., Symes, A., Taylor, J., Şekercioğlu, Ç.H. and Butchart, S.H.M. 2020. Generation lengths of the world’s birds and their implications for extinction risk. Conservation Biology 34(5): 1252-1261. DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13486.
BirdLife International. In prep.. European Red List of Birds. Deliverable to the European Commission (DG Environment) in 2021 under Service Contract ENV.D.3/SER/2018/0018.
Brochet, A.-L.; Van den Bossche, W.; Jones, V. R.; Arnardottir, H.; Damoc, D.; Demko, M.; Driessens, G.; Flensted, K.; Gerber, M.; Ghasabyan, M.; Gradinarov, D.; Hansen, J.; Horvath, M.; Karlonas, M.; Krogulec, J.; Kuzmenko, T.; Lachman, L.; Lehtiniemi, T.; Lorgé, P.; Lotberg, U.; Lusby, J.; Ottens, G.; Paquet, J.-Y.; Rukhaia, A.; Schmidt, M.; Shimmings, P.; Stipnieks, A.; Sultanov, E.; Vermouzek, Z.; Vintchevski, A.; Volke, V.; Willi, G.; Butchart, S. H. M. 2019. Illegal killing and taking of birds in Europe outside the Mediterranean: assessing the scope and scale of a complex issue. Bird Conservation International 29: 10-40.
Brown, L.H., Urban, E.K. and Newman, K. 1982. The Birds of Africa, Volume I. Academic Press, London.
Carboneras, C. and Kirwan, G.M. 2014. Common Pochard (Aythya ferina). In: J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D.A. Christie and E. de Juana (eds), Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive, Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
del Hoyo, J., Elliot, A. & Sargatal, J. (ed.). 1992. Handbook of the Birds of the World, Vol. 1: Ostrich to Ducks. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain.
Evans, D. M.; Day, K. R. 2002. Hunting disturbance on a large shallow lake: the effectiveness of waterfowl refuges. Ibis 144(1): 2-8.
Folliot, Benjamin, Guillemain, Matthieu, Champagnon, Jocelyn, and Caizergues, Alain. 2018. Patterns of spatial distribution and migration phenology of common pochards Aythya ferina in the Western Palearctic: a ring-recoveries analysis. Wildlife Biology 2018(1).
Fox, A. D.; Caizergues, A.; Banik, M. V.; Devos, K.; Dvorak, M.; Ellermaa, M.; Folliot, B.; Green, A. J.; Grüneberg, C.; Guillemain, M.; Håland, A.; Hornman, M.; Keller, V.; Koshelev, A. I.; Kostiushyn, V. A.; Kozulin, A.; Ławicki, Ł.; L.uigujõe, L.; Müller, C.; Musil, P.; Musilová, Z.; Nilsson, L.; Mischenko, A.; Pöysä, H.; Ščiban, M.; Sjeničić, J.; Stīpniece, A.; Švažas, S.; Wahl, J. 2016. Recent changes in the abundance of Common Pochard Aythya ferina breeding in Europe. Wildfowl 66: 22-40.
Fox, A. D.; Jones, T. A.; Singleton, R.; Agnew, A. D. Q. 1994. Food supply and the effects of recreational disturbance on the abundance and distribution of wintering Pochard on a gravel pit complex in southern Britain. Hydrobiologia 279/280: 253-262.
Giles, N. 1994. Tufted Duck (Aythya fuligula) habitat use and brood survival increases after fish removal from gravel pit lakes. Hydrobiologia 279/280: 387-392.
Gourlay-Larour, M.-L.; Schricke, V.; Sorin, C.; L'Hotis, M.; Caizergues, A. 2012. Movements of wintering diving ducks: new insights from nasal saddled individuals. Bird Study 59: 266-278.
Hagemeijer, E.J.M. and Blair, M.J. 1997. The EBCC atlas of European breeding birds: their distribution and abundance. T. and A.D. Poyser, London.
IUCN. 2021. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2021-3. Available at: https://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 09 December 2021).
Jeppesen, E., Brucet, S., Naselli-Flores, L.,Papastergiadou, E., Stefanidis, K., Noges, T.,Noges, P., Attayde, J.L., Zohary, T., Coppens,J., Bucak, T., Menezes, R.F., Freitas, F.R.S.,Kernan, M. Sondergaard, M. & Beklioglu, M.2015. Ecological impacts of global warming and water abstraction on lakes and reservoirs due to changes in water level and related changes in salinity. Hydrobiologia 750: 201–227.
Joel Broyer. 2019. Recent changes in pair abundance and breeding results in the main French populations of the Common Pochard Aythya ferina. Wildfowl 69: 176-187.
Johnsgard, P.A. 1978. Ducks, geese and swans of the World. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln and London.
Kane Brides, Kevin A. Wood, Richard D. Hearn, Thijs P.M. Fijen. 2017. Changes in the sex ratio of the Common Pochard Aythya ferina in Europe and North Africa. Wildfowl Journal 67: 100-112.
Kear, J. 2005. Ducks, geese and swans volume 2: species accounts (Cairina to Mergus). Oxford University Press, Oxford, U.K.
Keller, I.; Korner-Nievergelt, F.; Jenni, L. 2009. Within-winter movements: a common phenomenon in the Common Pochard Aythya ferina. J. Ornithol. 150: 483-494.
Maceda-Veiga, A., López, R., & Green, A. J.. (2017). Dramatic impact of alien carp Cyprinus carpio on globally threatened diving ducks and other waterbirds in Mediterranean shallow lakes. Biological Conservation, 212, 74–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2017.06.002
Madge, S. and Burn, H. 1988. Wildfowl. Christopher Helm, London.
Marsden, S. J. 2000. Impact of Disturbance on Waterfowl Wintering in a UK Dockland Redevelopment Area. Environmental Management 26(2): 207-213.
Marsden, S. J.; Bellamy, G. S. 2000. Microhabitat characteristics of feeding sites used by diving duck Aythya wintering on the grossly polluted Manchester Ship Canal, UK. Environmental Conservation 27(3): 278-283.
Mateo, R., Belliure, J., Dolz, J.C., Aguilar-Serrano, J.M. and Guitart, R. 1998. High prevalences of lead poisoning in wintering waterfowl in Spain. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 35: 342-347.
Melville, D.S. and Shortridge, K.F. 2006. Migratory waterbirds and avian influenza in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway with particular reference to the 2003-2004 H5N1 outbreak. In: G. Boere, C. Galbraith & D. Stroud (eds), Waterbirds around the World, pp. 432-438. The Stationery Office, Edinburgh, U.K.
Nagy, S. & Langendoen, T. 2020. Flyway trend analyses based on data from the African-Eurasian Waterbird Census from the period of 1967-2018. Wageningen, The Netherlands Available at: http://iwc.test.wetlands.org/index.php/aewatrends8.
Quan, R C. Wen, W. and Yang, X. 2002. Effects of human activities on migratory waterbirds at Lashihai Lake, China. Biological Conservation 108: 273-279.
Scott, D.A. and Rose, P.M. 1996. Atlas of Anatidae populations in Africa and western Eurasia. Wetlands International, Wageningen, Netherlands.
Snow, D.W. and Perrins, C.M. 1998. The Birds of the Western Palearctic, Volume 1: Non-Passerines. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Sorrenti, M., Carnacina, L., Radice, D. and Costato, A. 2006. Duck harvest in the Po delta, Italy. In: G. Boere, C. Galbraith and D. Stroud (eds), Waterbirds around the world, pp. 864-865. The Stationary Office, Edinburgh, U.K.
Väänänen, V-M., Pöysä, H., & Runko, P. (2016). Nest and brood stage association between ducks and small colonial gulls in boreal wetlands. Ornis Fennica, 93(1), 47-54. http://www.ornisfennica.org/pdf/latest/161Vaananen.pdf
Waterbird Harvest Specialist Group of Wetlands International (WHSG). 2015. AEWA Conservation Guidelines No. 5 - Guidelines on Sustainable Harvest of Migratory Waterbirds (TS No. 62). UNEP/AEWA Secretariat.
Wetlands International (2021). "Waterbird Population Estimates" . Retrieved from wpe.wetlands.org on Monday 26 Jul 2021
IUCN SSC Duck Specialist Group
IUCN SSC Threatened Waterfowl Specialist Group
Detailed species account from European Red List of Birds (BirdLife International 2015)
Search for photos and videos, and hear sounds of this species from the Macaulay Library
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Common Pochard Aythya ferina. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/common-pochard-aythya-ferina on 22/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/12/2024.