• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2020	Least Concern
2016	Least Concern
2012	Least Concern
2009	Least Concern
2008	Least Concern
2004	Least Concern
2000	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1994	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988	Not Recognised

Migratory status	full migrant	Forest dependency	does not normally occur in forest
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	104,000,000 km2	medium
Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding)	78,300,000 km2	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	unknown	poor	estimated	2009
Population trend	decreasing	-	suspected	-
Generation length	2.8 years	-	-	-

Population justification: The overall population is estimated at 5,000,000-10,000,000 individuals (Krištín and Kirwan 2015). The European population is estimated at 1,300,000-2,760,000 pairs, which equates to 2,600,000-5,530,000 mature individuals (BirdLife International 2015).

Trend justification: The species is declining throughout its range as a result of habitat destruction and over-hunting (del Hoyo et al. 2001). The European population trend between 1982 and 2013 is uncertain (EBCC 2015).

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Afghanistan	extant	native		yes
Albania	extant	native		yes
Algeria	extant	native	yes
Andorra	extant	native		yes
Angola	extant	native	yes
Armenia	extant	native		yes
Austria	extant	native		yes
Azerbaijan	extant	native		yes
Bahrain	extant	native				yes
Bangladesh	extant	native	yes
Belarus	extant	native		yes
Belgium	extant	native		yes
Benin	extant	native	yes		yes
Bhutan	extant	native	yes	yes
Bosnia and Herzegovina	extant	native		yes
Botswana	extant	native	yes
Brunei	extant	vagrant
Bulgaria	extant	native		yes
Burkina Faso	extant	native	yes		yes
Burundi	extant	native			yes
Cambodia	extant	native	yes
Cameroon	extant	native	yes		yes
Cape Verde	extant	vagrant
Central African Republic	extant	native	yes		yes
Chad	extant	native	yes		yes
China (mainland)	extant	native	yes	yes
Congo	extant	native	yes		yes
Congo, The Democratic Republic of the	extant	native	yes		yes
Côte d'Ivoire	extant	native	yes
Croatia	extant	native		yes
Cyprus	extant	native		yes
Czechia	extant	native		yes
Denmark	extant	vagrant
Djibouti	extant	native	yes
Egypt	extant	native	yes
Eritrea	extant	native	yes
Estonia	extant	native		yes
Eswatini	extant	native	yes
Ethiopia	extant	native	yes
Faroe Islands (to Denmark)	extant	vagrant
Finland	extant	vagrant
France	extant	native		yes		yes
Gabon	extant	native			yes
Gambia	extant	native	yes
Georgia	extant	native		yes
Germany	extant	native		yes
Ghana	extant	native	yes		yes
Gibraltar (to UK)	extant	native		yes
Greece	extant	native		yes		yes
Guinea	extant	native	yes		yes
Guinea-Bissau	extant	native	yes
Hong Kong (China)	extant	native	yes
Hungary	extant	native		yes
Iceland	extant	vagrant
India	extant	native	yes	yes	yes
Indonesia	extant	vagrant
Iran, Islamic Republic of	extant	native	yes	yes
Iraq	extant	native		yes		yes
Ireland	extant	vagrant
Israel	extant	native		yes
Italy	extant	native	yes
Japan	extant	vagrant		yes
Jordan	extant	native		yes
Kazakhstan	extant	native		yes
Kenya	extant	native	yes		yes
Kuwait	extant	native				yes
Kyrgyzstan	extant	native		yes
Laos	extant	native	yes
Latvia	extant	native		yes
Lebanon	extant	native		yes
Lesotho	extant	native	yes
Liberia	extant	vagrant
Libya	extant	native	yes		yes
Liechtenstein	extant	native		yes
Lithuania	extant	native		yes
Luxembourg	extant	native		yes
Malawi	extant	native	yes
Malaysia	extant	native	yes
Maldives	extant	vagrant
Mali	extant	native	yes		yes
Malta	extant	vagrant
Mauritania	extant	native
Moldova	extant	native		yes
Mongolia	extant	native		yes
Montenegro	extant	native		yes
Morocco	extant	native	yes
Mozambique	extant	native	yes
Myanmar	extant	native	yes
Namibia	extant	native	yes
Nepal	extant	native	yes	yes
Netherlands	extant	native		yes
Niger	extant	native	yes		yes
Nigeria	extant	native	yes		yes
North Korea	extant	native		yes
North Macedonia	extant	native		yes
Northern Mariana Islands (to USA)	extant	vagrant
Norway	extant	vagrant
Oman	extant	native	yes			yes
Pakistan	extant	native	yes	yes	yes
Palestine	extant	native		yes		yes
Philippines	extant	vagrant
Poland	extant	native		yes
Portugal	extant	native	yes	yes
Qatar	extant	native				yes
Romania	extant	native		yes
Russia	extant	native		yes
Russia (Asian)	extant	native		yes
Russia (Central Asian)	extant	native		yes
Russia (European)	extant	native		yes
Rwanda	extant	native			yes
Saudi Arabia	extant	native	yes			yes
Senegal	extant	native	yes		yes
Serbia	extant	native		yes
Seychelles	extant	vagrant
Sierra Leone	extant	vagrant
Slovakia	extant	native		yes
Slovenia	extant	native		yes
Somalia	extant	native	yes		yes
South Africa	extant	native	yes
South Korea	extant	native		yes
South Sudan	extant	native	yes		yes
Spain	extant	native	yes	yes
Sri Lanka	extant	native	yes
Sudan	extant	native	yes		yes
Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands (to Norway)	extant	vagrant
Sweden	extant	native		yes
Switzerland	extant	native		yes
Syria	extant	native		yes		yes
Taiwan, China	extant	vagrant
Tajikistan	extant	native		yes
Tanzania	extant	native	yes		yes
Thailand	extant	native	yes
Togo	extant	native	yes		yes
Tunisia	extant	native	yes
Türkiye	extant	native		yes
Turkmenistan	extant	native		yes
Uganda	extant	native			yes
Ukraine	extant	native		yes
United Arab Emirates	extant	native	yes		yes	yes
United Kingdom	extant	vagrant		yes
USA	extant	vagrant
Uzbekistan	extant	native		yes
Vietnam	extant	native	yes
Yemen	extant	native	yes
Zambia	extant	native	yes
Zimbabwe	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Pastureland	suitable	non-breeding
Artificial/Terrestrial	Pastureland	suitable	breeding
Artificial/Terrestrial	Plantations	suitable	non-breeding
Artificial/Terrestrial	Plantations	suitable	breeding
Artificial/Terrestrial	Rural Gardens	suitable	non-breeding
Artificial/Terrestrial	Rural Gardens	suitable	breeding
Artificial/Terrestrial	Urban Areas	suitable	non-breeding
Artificial/Terrestrial	Urban Areas	suitable	breeding
Grassland	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	suitable	non-breeding
Grassland	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	suitable	breeding
Grassland	Temperate	suitable	breeding
Savanna	Dry	major	non-breeding
Savanna	Dry	major	breeding
Altitude	0 - 3650 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Causing/Could cause fluctuations		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion, Reduced reproductive success
Agriculture & aquaculture	Wood & pulp plantations - Agro-industry plantations	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Causing/Could cause fluctuations		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion, Reduced reproductive success
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Causing/Could cause fluctuations		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Species mortality

Purpose	Scale
Food - human	subsistence, national
Pets/display animals, horticulture	international

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Common Hoopoe Upupa epops. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/common-hoopoe-upupa-epops on 27/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 27/12/2024.