• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Justification of Red List category
This species has a large range, and hence does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the range size criterion (extent of occurrence <20,000 km² combined with a declining or fluctuating range size, habitat extent/quality, or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation). Despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing, the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population trend criterion (>30% decline over ten years or three generations). The population size does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population size criterion (<10,000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be >10% in ten years or three generations, or with a specified population structure). For these reasons the species is evaluated as Least Concern.

Population justification
The global population size of this species has not previously been quantified, although it is generally described as uncommon (Eaton et al. 2021) but maintains healthy populations in many areas (see Trainor and Verbelen 2013, eBird 2022). In 2020, the area of tree cover, excluding plantations, in its range was estimated at c.16,000 km² (Global Forest Watch 2022, based on Hansen et al. 2013) and on Sumba, a density of 4.4 individuals/km² was recorded (Jones et al. 1995). Assuming an occupancy of 20-40%, the population is estimated at 14,000-28,000 individuals, roughly equating to 9,250-18,500 mature individuals. Recognising that this species is tolerant of degraded habitats (at least on some islands), the best estimate is set at 12,000-18,000 mature individuals.

Trend justification
Data trends on this species are lacking. However, ongoing forest loss (albeit at a comparatively slow rate) in its range is suspected of causing slow population declines. Over the past three generations (10.8 years; Bird et al. 2020), forest loss in this species' mapped range has been c.4-6% (Global Forest Watch 2022, using data from Hansen et al. [2013] and methods disclosed therein). This species is somewhat tolerant of degradation, however, and consequently tree cover loss is thought to be causing only slow declines.

Todiramphus australasia is restricted to four Endemic Bird Areas (Northern Nusa Tenggara, Sumba, Timor and Wetar, and the Banda Sea Islands, the first three with nominate australasia, the last one with subspecies dammeriana and odites), in Indonesia and Timor-Leste. Its distribution within this fairly wide area is, however, very patchy, and it is generally uncommon, although a recent visit to Wetar found the species to be widespread, occurring at all forest sites (Trainor et al. 2009).

This species is a closed-canopy specialist, occurring in monsoon forest at 0-700 m (Eaton et al. 2021). It is also found in secondary habitats, such as gardens and cultivated areas, provided that sufficient canopy cover remains.

Habitat loss and degradation seem likely to be the most considerable negative factors with rates of tree cover loss in the species' range equivalent to c.4-6% over the past three generations (Global Forest Watch 2022, based on Hansen et al. 2013). On Wetar, pressure comes from agriculture, logging, mining and road-building, although much of the island is inaccessible (Trainor et al. 2009).

Conservation Actions Underway
None is known.

Conservation Actions Proposed
Monitor populations across its range to determine whether declines are occurring. Conduct ecological studies to determine its habitat requirements and tolerance of secondary habitats. Effectively protect significant areas of suitable forest at key sites, in both strictly protected areas and community-led multiple use areas.

Text account compilers
Berryman, A.

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Cinnamon-banded Kingfisher Todiramphus australasia. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/cinnamon-banded-kingfisher-todiramphus-australasia on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.