Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Near Threatened | C1 |
| 2016 | Near Threatened | C1 |
| 2015 | Near Threatened | C1 |
| 2012 | Near Threatened | C1 |
| 2008 | Near Threatened | C1 |
| 2004 | Near Threatened | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Near Threatened | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Near Threatened | |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | does not normally occur in forest |
| Land-mass type |
continent shelf island |
Average mass | 24 g |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 489,000 km2 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding) | 538,000 km2 | medium |
| Severely fragmented? | no | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population size | 7000-12600 mature individuals | poor | suspected | 2021 |
| Population trend | decreasing | poor | suspected | - |
| Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 12-28% | - | - | - |
| Generation length | 2.75 years | - | - | - |
Population justification: The European population is suspected to be 5,300-10,400 mature individuals (Birdlife International (in prep)), of which 96% is found in Turkey (Yavuz et al., 2018). In 2015, there were thought to be less than 100 pairs in Iran and a minimum of 1,000 pairs in Iraq (R. Porter in litt. 2015). The global population is suspected to number 7,000-12,600 mature individuals, roughly equating to 10,600-18,900 individuals in total, here placed in the band 10,000-19,999 individuals.
Trend justification: A moderate overall decline is suspected (12-28%), based on estimates of the European population size during 2015-2021 (Birdlife International in prep.), which holds the majority of the global breeding population.
Based on data collated for the European Red List (BirdLife International in prep.), the European population has experienced an annual change of 97.93% between 2015 and 2021, with a decrease in population size from 6,400-11,400 mature individuals in 2015 (BirdLife International, 2015) to 5,300-10,400 in 2021. In 2015, there were thought to be less than 100 pairs in Iran and a minimum of 1,000 pairs in Iraq (R. Porter in litt. 2015). The current status and trends of these are unknown. Assuming these subpopulations are stable, we can suspect a global decline of 12-20% over three generations. Assuming these subpopulations have declined at the same rate as the European population, we can suspect a global decline of 17-28% over three generations. This is highly uncertain and requires review, particularly of the trends in Iran and Iraq.
| Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bahrain | extant | native | yes | |||
| Cyprus | extant | native | yes | |||
| Denmark | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Egypt | extant | native | yes | |||
| Eritrea | extant | native | yes | |||
| Ethiopia | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Greece | extant | native | yes | |||
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | extant | native | yes | |||
| Iraq | extant | native | yes | |||
| Israel | extant | native | yes | |||
| Jordan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Kuwait | extant | native | yes | |||
| Lebanon | extant | native | yes | |||
| Norway | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Oman | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Palestine | extant | native | yes | |||
| Qatar | extant | native | yes | |||
| Saudi Arabia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Sudan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Syria | extant | native | yes | |||
| Tunisia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Türkiye | extant | native | yes | |||
| United Arab Emirates | extant | native | yes | |||
| Uzbekistan | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Yemen | extant | native | yes |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Arable Land | suitable | non-breeding |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Arable Land | suitable | breeding |
| Desert | Temperate | suitable | breeding |
| Desert | Temperate | suitable | non-breeding |
| Other | suitable | non-breeding | |
| Rocky areas (eg. inland cliffs, mountain peaks) | suitable | breeding | |
| Shrubland | Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation | suitable | non-breeding |
| Shrubland | Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation | suitable | breeding |
| Altitude | 0 - 2200 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Livestock farming & ranching - Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
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| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Unintentional effects (species is not the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
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| Energy production & mining | Mining & quarrying | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
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| Energy production & mining | Renewable energy | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
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| Natural system modifications | Dams & water management/use - Dams (size unknown) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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| Residential & commercial development | Tourism & recreation areas | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Cinereous Bunting Emberiza cineracea. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/cinereous-bunting-emberiza-cineracea on 22/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/12/2024.