• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
Turbott, E.G. 1990. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand. Ornithological Society of New Zealand, Wellington.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2018	Least Concern
2016	Least Concern
2012	Least Concern
2009	Least Concern
2008	Least Concern
2004	Least Concern
2000	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1994	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	does not normally occur in forest
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	19,400,000 km2	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	5000000-34999999 mature individuals	poor	estimated	2012
Population trend	stable	-	suspected	-
Generation length	3.9 years	-	-	-

Population justification: Rich et al. (2004) have estimated the global population to number c.2,000,000 individuals. In Europe, the breeding population is estimated to number 488,000-1,680,000 pairs, which equates to 975,000-3,370,000 mature individuals (BirdLife International 2015). Europe forms c.10% of the global range, so a revised estimate of the global population size is c. 9,000,000-34,000,000 mature individuals, although further validation of this estimate is needed. The population in China has been estimated at c.10,000-100,000 breeding pairs (Brazil 2009).

Trend justification: In Europe the small population is estimated to be decreasing at a rate approaching 30% in 11.7 years (three generations) (BirdLife International 2015). In Lebanon the population is considered locally reduced. Elsewhere the population is suspected to be stable or locally increasing (McGowan and Kirwan 2016).

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Afghanistan	extant	native	yes
Armenia	extant	native		yes
Azerbaijan	extant	native	yes
Bahrain	extant	introduced	yes
Bulgaria	extant	native	yes
Canada	extant	introduced
China (mainland)	extant	native		yes
Cyprus	extant	native	yes
Egypt	extant	native
France	extant	introduced		yes
Georgia	extant	native		yes
Germany	extant	introduced		yes
Greece	extant	native	yes
India	extant	native		yes
Iran, Islamic Republic of	extant	native	yes
Iraq	extant	native	yes
Israel	extant	native	yes
Italy	extant	introduced		yes
Jordan	extant	native	yes
Kazakhstan	extant	native		yes
Kyrgyzstan	extant	native		yes
Lebanon	extant	native	yes
Mongolia	extant	native		yes
Nepal	extant	native		yes
New Zealand	extant	introduced		yes
North Macedonia	extant	introduced	yes
Norway	extant	introduced		yes
Oman	extant	native	yes
Pakistan	extant	native		yes
Palestine	extant	native	yes
Portugal	extant	introduced		yes
Russia	extant	native	yes
Russia (Central Asian)	extant	vagrant
Russia (European)	extant	native		yes
Saudi Arabia	extant	native	yes
South Africa	extant	introduced		yes
Spain	extant	introduced		yes
St Helena (to UK)	extant	introduced
Syria	extant	native	yes
Tajikistan	extant	native		yes
Türkiye	extant	native	yes
Turkmenistan	extant	native		yes
Ukraine	extant	native		yes
United Arab Emirates	extant	native	yes
USA	extant	introduced		yes
Uzbekistan	extant	native		yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Armenia	Gndasar
Armenia	Jermook
Armenia	Khosrov Reserve
Armenia	Noravank
Azerbaijan	Turianchai
Cyprus	Akamas and Agia Aikaterini – Agia Paraskevi Gorges
Cyprus	Ezousa Valley and Cliffs
Cyprus	Karpasia Peninsula - Kleides Islands
Cyprus	Kormakitis Peninsula
Cyprus	Pentadaktylos Mountains
Greece	Lefka Ori mountains, Crete
Greece	Mount Asterousia (Kofinas), Crete
Greece	Mount Dikti, Crete
Greece	Mount Idi, Crete
Greece	Nisyros island and surrounding islets
Russia (European)	Samurski ridge

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Grassland	Temperate	suitable	resident
Shrubland	Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation	suitable	resident
Altitude	0 - 4500 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Purpose	Scale
Food - human	subsistence, national
Pets/display animals, horticulture	international
Sport hunting/specimen collecting	subsistence, national

---

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Chukar Alectoris chukar. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/chukar-alectoris-chukar on 18/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 18/12/2024.