Data Zone
Taxonomic note
Setophaga cerulea (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Dendroica following AERC TAC (2003); AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).
Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Near Threatened | A3bc |
| 2019 | Near Threatened | A3c |
| 2018 | Vulnerable | A2ac+3c+4c |
| 2016 | Vulnerable | A2ac+3c+4c |
| 2012 | Vulnerable | A2c+3c+4c |
| 2008 | Vulnerable | A2c; A3c; A4c |
| 2004 | Vulnerable | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | medium |
| Land-mass type |
continent |
Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 2,470,000 km2 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding) | 4,330,000 km2 | medium |
| Severely fragmented? | no | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population size | 530000 mature individuals | medium | estimated | 2019 |
| Population trend | decreasing | medium | estimated | - |
| Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 23% | - | - | - |
| Generation length | 2 years | - | - | - |
| Number of subpopulations | 1 | - | - | - |
| Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation | 100% | - | - | - |
Population justification: The global population is estimated to number 530,000 mature individuals (Partners in Flight 2020).
Trend justification: The species has undergone rapid declines in the past, averaging to an annual decline of 2.7% between 1970 and 2017, which roughly equates to 24% over ten years (Partners in Flight 2020). Short-term trends from the North American Breeding Bird Survey however show that declines are historical and that the population has been roughly stable between 2009 and 2019 (Pardieck et al. 2018). Even when looking at year-by-year records from Pardieck et al. (2018), the species’s rate of decline has not exceeded 20% over ten years since 2008, and so the rate of decline has been below the threshold for Vulnerable for some time. The half-life of the species is estimated to be 26 years though (Partners in Flight 2020), which would equate to a decline of 23% over the next ten years.
| Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bahamas | extant | native | yes | |||
| Barbados | extant | native | yes | |||
| Belize | extant | native | yes | |||
| Bolivia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba (to Netherlands) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Brazil | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Canada | extant | native | yes | |||
| Cayman Islands (to UK) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Colombia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Costa Rica | extant | native | yes | |||
| Cuba | extant | native | yes | |||
| Curaçao (to Netherlands) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Ecuador | extant | native | yes | |||
| Guatemala | extant | native | yes | |||
| Honduras | extant | native | yes | |||
| Jamaica | extant | native | yes | |||
| Mexico | extant | native | yes | |||
| Nicaragua | extant | native | yes | |||
| Panama | extant | native | yes | |||
| Peru | extant | native | yes | |||
| Puerto Rico (to USA) | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Sint Maarten (to Netherlands) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| St Lucia | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Trinidad and Tobago | extant | vagrant | ||||
| USA | extant | native | yes | |||
| Venezuela | extant | native | yes |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland | major | non-breeding |
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane | major | non-breeding |
| Forest | Temperate | major | breeding |
| Altitude | 500 - 2000 m | Occasional altitudinal limits | (max) 3500 m |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
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| Agriculture & aquaculture | Livestock farming & ranching - Agro-industry grazing, ranching or farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Livestock farming & ranching - Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Wood & pulp plantations - Agro-industry plantations | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Wood & pulp plantations - Small-holder plantations | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Biological resource use | Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest] | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Energy production & mining | Mining & quarrying | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
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| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Problematic native species/diseases | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Residential & commercial development | Housing & urban areas | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Cerulean Warbler Setophaga cerulea. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/cerulean-warbler-setophaga-cerulea on 18/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 18/12/2024.