• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	C2a(i)

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2021	Vulnerable	C2a(i)
2016	Endangered	B1ab(i,ii,iii,v)
2013	Endangered	B1ab(i,ii,iii,v)
2012	Endangered	B1ab(i,ii,iii,v)
2008	Endangered	B1a+b(i,ii,iii,v); C2a(i)
2004	Endangered
2000	Endangered
1996	Endangered
1994	Endangered
1988	Threatened

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	high
Land-mass type	continent	Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	35,000 km2	medium
Area of Occupancy (breeding/resident)	4,180 km2	medium
Number of locations	11-100	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	1000-2499 mature individuals	medium	estimated	2014
Population trend	decreasing	poor	inferred	2007-2030
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	20-29%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	20-29%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	20-29%	-	-	-
Generation length	7.7 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	2-100	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	1-89%	-	-	-

Population justification: Inside protected areas, the population density ranges from 10.8 to 18.4 individuals/km² in mature forest; the species can reach exceptionally high densities of 70-100 individuals/km² (Kattan et al. 2014; Renjifo et al. 2014 and references therein). Outside of protected areas the population density was found to be much lower, with roughly one family group (consisting on average of 3-4 individuals) per km transect (Renjifo et al. 2014 and references therein).
Despite its ability to move through secondary habitats between forest patches (Kattan et al. 2014), it is assumed that the species forms several disjunct subpopulations, given the fragmentation of the range. Subpopulation estimates include 700 individuals (equating to c.460 mature individuals) in and around Otún-Quimbaya Flora and Fauna Sanctuary, 67 individuals in Yotoco (equating to c.45 mature individuals), 150 individuals in Bremen y Barbas Natural Regional Park (equating to c.100 mature individuals), and an unknown number in other parts of the range (Renjifo et al. 2014).
It is therefore estimated that the total population numbers less than 2,500 mature individuals (Renjifo et al. 2014), placed here in the band 1,000-2,499 mature individuals.

Trend justification: Forested habitat within the range has been lost at a rate of 12% over three generations (23.1 years; Global Forest Watch 2020). This is likely exacerbated by additional impacts of forest degradation and fragmentation. The species is furthermore threatened by hunting and has already been extirpated from localities in Cauca, Dagua and Patía (Renjifo et al. 2014). Population declines are therefore precautionarily placed in the band 20-29% over three generations; it is assumed that declines go on at a similar rate into the future.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Colombia	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Colombia	Bosque de San Antonio/Km 18
Colombia	Bosques del Oriente de Risaralda
Colombia	Cañón del Río Barbas y Bremen
Colombia	Reserva Forestal Yotoco
Colombia	Reserva Natural Meremberg
Colombia	Serranía de los Paraguas

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Plantations	suitable	resident
Artificial/Terrestrial	Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	major	resident
Altitude	900 - 2150 m	Occasional altitudinal limits	650 - 2690 m

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Past, Unlikely to Return		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Past Impact
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Livestock farming & ranching - Agro-industry grazing, ranching or farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Species mortality
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Residential & commercial development	Housing & urban areas	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Purpose	Scale
Food - human	subsistence, national
Pets/display animals, horticulture	international

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Cauca Guan Penelope perspicax. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/cauca-guan-penelope-perspicax on 23/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/11/2024.