Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Christidis, L. and Boles, W.E. 2008. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm.
Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
---|---|---|
- | A2acde+3cde+4acde | A2acde+3cde+4acde; B2ab(iii,v) |
Year | Category | Criteria |
---|---|---|
2018 | Endangered | A2acde+3cde+4acde |
2017 | Endangered | A2acde+3cde+4acde |
2016 | Vulnerable | A2acde+3cde+4acde; B2ab(iii,iv,v) |
2012 | Vulnerable | A2acde+3cde+4acde; B2ab(iii,iv,v) |
2008 | Vulnerable | A2a,c,d,e; A3c,d,e; A4a,c,d,e; B2a+b(iii,iv,v) |
2007 | Vulnerable | |
2004 | Vulnerable | |
2000 | Vulnerable | |
1994 | Lower Risk/Near Threatened | |
1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
Migratory status | not a migrant | Forest dependency | does not normally occur in forest |
Land-mass type |
shelf island |
Average mass | - |
Estimate | Data quality | |
---|---|---|
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 326,000 km2 | medium |
Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding) | 12,000,000 km2 | medium |
Area of Occupancy (breeding/resident) | 440 km2 | medium |
Number of locations | 6 | - |
Severely fragmented? | no | - |
Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Population size | 246000 mature individuals | good | estimated | 2010 |
Population trend | decreasing | good | estimated | 1947-2008 |
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 50-79% | - | - | - |
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 50-79% | - | - | - |
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 50-79% | - | - | - |
Generation length | 20.2 years | - | - | - |
Number of subpopulations | 1 | - | - | - |
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation | 100% | - | - | - |
Population justification: The most recent population estimate is made up of 10,500 pairs at Ichaboae Island, 2,200 pairs on Mercury Island and 380 pairs on Possession Island, all in 2010 (Kemper 2015). 81,000 pairs were estimated at Bird Island (Algoa Bay), 21,000 pairs at Malgas Island and 8,000 pairs at Bird Island (Lambert’s Bay) in 2015 (Crawford et al. 2015 updated by R. Crawford in litt. 2016). This gives a global total of 123,080 pairs, which equates to 246,160 mature individuals, rounded here to 246,000.
Trend justification: The total breeding population was previously estimated to have declined by 1.14% per year over the 49 years between 1956-1957 and 2005-2006 (Kemper et al. 2007). Recent data, however, shows that the species may in fact be declining at a faster rate than this. Historically, the global population numbered c.254,000 breeding pairs in 1956, but has subsequently decreased to c.249,000 pairs in 1968, c.179,000 in 1989 and c.145,000 pairs in 2005 (Crawford et al. 2007). The most recent population estimate is made up of 10,500 pairs at Ichaboae Island, 2,200 pairs on Mercury Island and 380 pairs on Possession Island (Kemper 2015), with 81,000 pairs at Bird Island (Algoa Bay), 21,000 pairs at Malgas Island and 8,000 pairs at Bird Island (Lambert’s Bay) (Crawford et al. 2015 updated by R. Crawford in litt. 2016), which gives a global total of 123,080 pairs. This gives an overall decline of 51.5% between 1956 and 2015, and with only minor extrapolation this would equate to a c.52.4% decline over 3 generations (60.6 years). An analysis that used a Bayesian state-space model to nests counts made between 1956 and 2016 at the species’s six breeding colonies indicated a decline of 51.5% (95% credible intervals: 39.5–62.5%) over three generations. Overall, 61.6% of model iterations fell within the 50–79% decline band and 38.3% fell within the 30–49% band (R. Sherley in litt. 2017). When comparing the most recent population estimate to the 1968, 1989 and 2005 estimates and projecting these rates of decline into the future, the rate of decline over three generations would be c.60%. Therefore, rates of decline over three generations likely fall within the range of 50-79%.
Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Angola | extant | native | yes | |||
Brazil | presence uncertain | vagrant | yes | |||
Cameroon | presence uncertain | native | yes | |||
Congo | presence uncertain | native | yes | |||
Congo, The Democratic Republic of the | presence uncertain | native | yes | |||
Equatorial Guinea | presence uncertain | native | yes | |||
Gabon | presence uncertain | native | yes | |||
Mozambique | extant | native | yes | |||
Namibia | extant | native | yes | |||
Nigeria | presence uncertain | native | yes | |||
São Tomé e Príncipe | presence uncertain | native | ||||
South Africa | extant | native | yes | |||
Togo | presence uncertain | native |
Country/Territory | IBA Name |
---|---|
Angola | Iona National Park |
Angola | Mussulo |
Angola | Quiçama |
Mozambique | Pomene |
Namibia | Ichaboe Island |
Namibia | Mercury Island |
Namibia | Possession Island |
South Africa | Algoa Bay Islands: Addo Elephant National Park |
South Africa | Bird Island |
South Africa | West Coast National Park and Saldanha Bay islands |
Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
---|---|---|---|
Marine Coastal/Supratidal | Sea Cliffs and Rocky Offshore Islands | major | resident |
Marine Neritic | Pelagic | major | resident |
Marine Oceanic | Epipelagic (0-200m) | major | resident |
Altitude | Occasional altitudinal limits |
Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Biological resource use | Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest] | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Rapid Declines | Medium Impact: 7 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Climate change & severe weather | Storms & flooding | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Whole (>90%) | Negligible declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Energy production & mining | Mining & quarrying | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Human intrusions & disturbance | Work & other activities | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Problematic native species/diseases | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Pollution | Industrial & military effluents - Oil spills | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Past, Likely to Return | Majority (50-90%) | Rapid Declines | Past Impact | ||||||
|
Purpose | Scale |
---|---|
Food - human | subsistence, national |
Pets/display animals, horticulture | international |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Cape Gannet Morus capensis. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/cape-gannet-morus-capensis on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.