• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	D2

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2020	Vulnerable	D2
2016	Endangered	D
2013	Endangered	D
2012	Endangered	D
2011	Endangered	D1
2010	Critically Endangered	D1
2009	Critically Endangered	D1
2008	Critically Endangered
2006	Critically Endangered
2004	Critically Endangered
2000	Critically Endangered
1994	Not Recognised
1988	Not Recognised

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	does not normally occur in forest
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	7,300 km2	medium
Area of Occupancy (breeding/resident)	10 km2
Number of locations	2	-
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	unknown	-	-	-
Population trend	stable	good	inferred	-
Generation length	5.13 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	2	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	1-89%	-	-	-

Population justification: Based on opportunistic observations, the population size is suspected to be greater than 500 mature individuals and to possibly number 800-1,000 mature individuals (P. J. McClelland in litt. 2019). However, since the species is secretive and no comprehensive or systematic surveys have been carried out, there is a lot of uncertainty in the population size (P. J. McClelland in litt. 2020). The population comprises at least 200 mature individuals at Campbell Island, 100-200 mature individuals at Whenua Hou/Codfish Island (P. J. McClelland in litt. 2019) and a small population, suspected in 2013 to number fewer than 30 individuals (Williams 2013a), at Dent Island. Individuals occassionally swim the 3 km from Dent Island to Campbell Island.

Trend justification: In 1990, a survey of Dent estimated a population of 60-100 birds (Goudswaard 1991), although other estimates from around the same time estimated just 30 individuals (P. McClelland in litt. 2019). It is likely that no more than 25 breeding pairs were present in 1998 (Gummer and Williams 1999). In 1999-2000, 24 captive-bred birds were released on Whenua Hou/Codfish Island to create a temporary population (Gummer and Williams 1999, Gummer 2006b). The population on Whenua Hou expanded rapidly, with egg-laying occurring in the first year (Williams 2013b). From 2004-2006, 159 birds, including some from Whenua Hou and captive-bred individuals, were reintroduced to Campbell Island (Potter 2006, P. J. McClelland in litt. 2012). The majority of birds released in 2004 were believed to have survived their first year on Campbell Island, and successful breeding was confirmed in 2006 (Anon. 2006). A survey in December 2008 confirmed that the species had established on the island (P. J. McClelland in litt. 2008). This 2008 survey, along with opportunistic observations of breeding and dispersal activity (P. J. McClelland in litt. 2008, 2010, 2011), suggested that the population size in 2012 was between 100 and 200 mature individuals. Based on opportunistic observations, the population size is currently suspected to be greater than 500 mature individuals and to possibly number 800-1,000 mature individuals (P. J. McClelland in litt. 2019). Comprehensive surveys have not been undertaken so population estimates are uncertain, but the population increase is considered to have a high level of certainty, although it may now have stabilised as carrying capacity is reached on the range islands (P. J. McClelland in litt. 2020).

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
New Zealand	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
New Zealand	Campbell Islands

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Subantarctic	suitable	resident
Grassland	Subantarctic	major	resident
Marine Coastal/Supratidal	Coastal Freshwater Lakes	major	resident
Marine Intertidal	Rocky Shoreline	major	resident
Marine Intertidal	Sandy Shoreline and/or Beaches, Sand Bars, Spits, Etc	major	resident
Wetlands (inland)	Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha)	major	resident
Wetlands (inland)	Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls)	major	resident
Altitude	0 - 200 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Climate change & severe weather	Storms & flooding	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Future		Majority (50-90%)		Very Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Rattus exulans	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Future		Majority (50-90%)		Rapid Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Rattus norvegicus	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Past, Likely to Return		Majority (50-90%)		Very Rapid Declines		Past Impact
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Unspecified species	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Future		Majority (50-90%)		Rapid Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Problematic native species/diseases - Anas chlorotis	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Future		Minority (<50%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Hybridisation
Pollution	Industrial & military effluents - Oil spills	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Future		Majority (50-90%)		Rapid Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality

---

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Campbell Teal Anas nesiotis. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/campbell-teal-anas-nesiotis on 22/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/12/2024.