• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Brooke, M. de L. 2004. Albatrosses and Petrels Across the World. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Christidis, L. and Boles, W.E. 2008. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2018	Least Concern
2016	Least Concern
2012	Least Concern
2009	Least Concern
2008	Least Concern
2004	Least Concern
2000	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1994	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	full migrant	Forest dependency	does not normally occur in forest
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	270,000,000 km2
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	unknown	poor	estimated	2004
Population trend	stable	-	suspected	-
Generation length	23.9 years	-	-	-

Population justification: Brooke (2004) estimated the global population to number c.500,000-1,000,000 individuals, while national population estimates include: c.100-10,000 breeding pairs and c.50-1,000 individuals on migration in China; < c.100 breeding pairs and c.1,000-10,000 individuals on migration in Taiwan and c.100-10,000 breeding pairs and c.50-1,000 individuals on migration in Japan (Brazil 2009). The European population is estimated at 6,100 pairs, which equates to 12,100 mature individuals (BirdLife International 2015).

Trend justification: The population is suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence for any declines or substantial threats. The European population trend is unknown (BirdLife International 2015).

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
American Samoa	extant	uncertain
Anguilla (to UK)	extant	uncertain
Antigua and Barbuda	extant	uncertain
Australia	extant	vagrant
Barbados	extant	vagrant
Brazil	extant	uncertain
British Indian Ocean Territory	extant	uncertain
Cambodia	extant	uncertain
Cape Verde	extant	native
China (mainland)	extant	native
Christmas Island (to Australia)	extant	uncertain
Cocos (Keeling) Islands (to Australia)	extant	uncertain
Cook Islands	extant	uncertain
Côte d'Ivoire	extant	uncertain
Dominica	extant	uncertain
Ecuador	extant	uncertain
Fiji	extant	uncertain
France	extant	vagrant
French Guiana	extant	native
French Polynesia	extant	native		yes
French Southern Territories	extant	uncertain
Gambia	extant	uncertain
Guadeloupe (to France)	extant	uncertain
Guinea	extant	uncertain
Guinea-Bissau	extant	uncertain
Guyana	extant	uncertain
India	extant	vagrant
Indonesia	extant	native
Ireland	extant	vagrant
Italy	extant	vagrant
Japan	extant	native
Kiribati	extant	native		yes
Liberia	extant	uncertain
Madagascar	extant	uncertain
Malaysia	extant	native
Maldives	extant	vagrant
Marshall Islands	extant	native			yes
Martinique (to France)	extant	uncertain
Mauritania	extant	native
Mauritius	extant	uncertain
Mexico	extant	uncertain
Micronesia, Federated States of	extant	native			yes
Morocco	extant	native
Nauru	extant	uncertain
Netherlands	extant	vagrant
Northern Mariana Islands (to USA)	extant	native			yes
Palau	extant	native			yes
Papua New Guinea	extant	uncertain
Philippines	extant	uncertain
Pitcairn Islands (to UK)	extant	uncertain
Portugal	extant	native		yes
Réunion (to France)	extant	uncertain
Samoa	extant	uncertain
São Tomé e Príncipe	extant	uncertain		yes
Senegal	extant	native
Seychelles	extant	uncertain
Sierra Leone	extant	uncertain
Solomon Islands	extant	uncertain
Somalia	extant	uncertain
South Africa	extant	vagrant
Spain	extant	native		yes
Sri Lanka	extant	vagrant
St Helena (to UK)	extant	native
St Lucia	extant	uncertain
Suriname	extant	uncertain
Taiwan, China	extant	native
Thailand	extant	uncertain
Timor-Leste	extant	native			yes
Tokelau (to New Zealand)	extant	uncertain
Tonga	extant	uncertain
Trinidad and Tobago	extant	vagrant
Tuvalu	extant	uncertain
United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA)	extant	native		yes
USA	extant	native		yes
Vietnam	extant	uncertain
Wallis and Futuna Islands (to France)	extant	uncertain
Western Sahara	extant	uncertain

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Cape Verde	Raso Islet Integral Natural Reserve
Portugal	Desertas
Portugal	Ilhas Desertas
Portugal	Ilhéu da Praia
Portugal	Ilhéu da Vila
Portugal	Ilhéu de Baixo e Costa Adjacente
Portugal	Laurissilva
Portugal	Ponta de São Lourenço
Portugal	Selvagens
Portugal	Selvagens - Oceânica
Spain	Acantilados de Santo Domingo y Roque de Garachico
Spain	Aguas de La Gomera - Teno
Spain	Aguas y acantilados del Norte de La Palma
Spain	Anaga rocky islets
Spain	Costa y Aguas de Mogán - La Aldea
Spain	La Playa islet
Spain	Lanzarote islets
Spain	Los Gigantes coastal cliff
Spain	Salmor rocky islets
Spain	South-west coast of La Gomera
Spain	Western coast of El Hierro
USA	Northwestern Hawaiian Islands

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Marine Coastal/Supratidal	Sea Cliffs and Rocky Offshore Islands	major	breeding
Marine Intertidal	Rocky Shoreline	major	breeding
Marine Intertidal	Sandy Shoreline and/or Beaches, Sand Bars, Spits, Etc	major	breeding
Marine Intertidal	Shingle and/or Pebble Shoreline and/or Beaches	major	breeding
Marine Neritic	Macroalgal/Kelp	suitable	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Macroalgal/Kelp	suitable	breeding
Marine Neritic	Pelagic	major	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Pelagic	major	breeding
Marine Neritic	Seagrass (Submerged)	suitable	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Seagrass (Submerged)	suitable	breeding
Marine Neritic	Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel	suitable	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel	suitable	breeding
Marine Neritic	Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs	suitable	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs	suitable	breeding
Marine Neritic	Subtidal Sandy	suitable	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Subtidal Sandy	suitable	breeding
Marine Neritic	Subtidal Sandy-Mud	suitable	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Subtidal Sandy-Mud	suitable	breeding
Marine Oceanic	Epipelagic (0-200m)	major	non-breeding
Marine Oceanic	Epipelagic (0-200m)	major	breeding
Marine Oceanic	Mesopelagic (200-1000m)	major	non-breeding
Marine Oceanic	Mesopelagic (200-1000m)	major	breeding
Altitude		Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Biological resource use	Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Species mortality
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Felis catus	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Rattus rattus	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Teira dugesii	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success
Pollution	Excess energy - Light pollution	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success
Pollution	Industrial & military effluents - Oil spills	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Species mortality
Residential & commercial development	Tourism & recreation areas	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Reduced reproductive success

Purpose	Scale
Food - human	subsistence, national

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Bulwer's Petrel Bulweria bulwerii. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/bulwers-petrel-bulweria-bulwerii on 22/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/12/2024.