• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	A2cd+3cd+4cd; C2a(i)

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2018	Vulnerable	A2cd+3cd+4cd; C2a(i)
2016	Vulnerable	A2cd+3cd+4cd;C2a(i)
2012	Vulnerable	A2cd+3cd+4cd;C2a(i)
2008	Vulnerable	A2c,d; A3c,d; A4c,d; C2a(i)
2004	Vulnerable
2000	Vulnerable
1996	Endangered
1994	Endangered
1988	Threatened

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	medium
Land-mass type	continent	Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	1,040,000 km2	medium
Number of locations	11-100	-
Severely fragmented?	yes	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	2500-9999 mature individuals	poor	estimated	2000
Population trend	decreasing	poor	suspected	1998-2008
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	30-49%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	30-49%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	30-49%	-	-	-
Generation length	4.8 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	2-100	-	-	-

Population justification: The population is estimated to number 2,500-9,999 mature individuals based on an assessment of known records, descriptions of abundance and range size. This is consistent with recorded population density estimates for congeners or close relatives with a similar body size, and the fact that only a proportion of the estimated Extent of Occurrence is likely to be occupied. This estimate is equivalent to 3,750-14,999 individuals in total, rounded here to 3,500-15,000 individuals.

Trend justification: A rapid and on-going population decline is suspected owing to rates of habitat loss and capture for the bird trade.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Argentina	extant	native		yes
Brazil	extant	native		yes
Paraguay	extant	native		yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Argentina	Parque Nacional Iguazú y alrededores
Argentina	Parque Provincial Uruzú y Reserva Forestal San Jorge
Brazil	Boa Nova / Serra da Ouricana
Brazil	Complexo Pedra Azul / Forno Grande
Brazil	Encostas da Região de Domingos Martins
Brazil	Fazenda Pindobas IV e Arredores
Brazil	Maciço Florestal de Paranapiacaba
Brazil	Maciços da Tijuca e Pedra Branca
Brazil	Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar (entre Caraguatatuba e Picinguaba)
Brazil	Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar (entre Pedro de Toledo e Cubatão)
Brazil	Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar (entre Santos e São Sebastião)
Brazil	Parque Nacional do Caparaó
Brazil	Serra da Bocaina / Paraty / Angra dos Reis
Paraguay	Ybyturuzú

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	major	resident
Altitude	0 - 1500 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 7
		Stresses Species mortality
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Residential & commercial development	Housing & urban areas	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Purpose	Scale
Pets/display animals, horticulture	subsistence, national

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Buffy-fronted Seedeater Sporophila frontalis. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/buffy-fronted-seedeater-sporophila-frontalis on 23/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/11/2024.