• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2022	Near Threatened	C1+2a(i)
2016	Vulnerable	C2a(i)
2012	Endangered	C2a(i)
2008	Endangered	C2a(i)
2004	Endangered
2000	Endangered
1996	Endangered
1994	Endangered
1988	Threatened

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	high
Land-mass type	continent	Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	537,000 km2	medium
Area of Occupancy (breeding/resident)	58,000 km2
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	2500-9999 mature individuals	poor	suspected	2018
Population trend	decreasing	poor	suspected	2016-2027
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-19%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-19%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-19%	-	-	-
Generation length	3.6 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	2-100	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	1-89%	-	-	-

Population justification: Already in the 19th century, this species has been described as rare throughout its range; however, their inconspicuous habits result in their often being overlooked (Collar et al. 2020). It is suspected that the population numbers below 10,000 mature individuals (ICMBio 2018). Subpopulations are small and isolated due to the fragmentation of habitat and limited dispersal outside of forested areas (ICMBio 2018, R. Subirá in litt. 2022).

Trend justification: The population trend has not been assessed directly, but the species is suspected to decline as a consequence of the destruction, degradation and fragmentation of its forested habitat (ICMBio 2018). Tree cover within the range is lost at a rate equivalent to 3% over three generations (10.8 years; Global Forest Watch 2021, using Hansen et al. [2013] data and methods disclosed therein). The species is strictly forest-dependent, and as such the rate of population decline may be exacerbated by the impacts of forest degradation; however, it is unlikely that declines exceed 20% over three generations.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Brazil	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Brazil	Alto Cariri
Brazil	Bandeira / Macarani
Brazil	Bertioga
Brazil	Boa Nova / Serra da Ouricana
Brazil	Estação Ecológica de Juréia-Itatins
Brazil	Estação Veracruz
Brazil	Ilhéus / Itabuna
Brazil	Itanhaém / Mongaguá
Brazil	Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar (entre Caraguatatuba e Picinguaba)
Brazil	Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar (entre Pedro de Toledo e Cubatão)
Brazil	Parque Nacional do Pau Brasil / Trancoso
Brazil	Reserva Biológica da Mata Escura
Brazil	Serra Bonita
Brazil	Serra da Bocaina / Paraty / Angra dos Reis
Brazil	Serra dos Órgãos
Brazil	Serras das Lontras e do Javi

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	major	resident
Altitude	500 - 1200 m	Occasional altitudinal limits	0 - 1400 m

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Wood & pulp plantations - Small-holder plantations	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Past, Unlikely to Return		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Past Impact
		Stresses Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Energy production & mining	Mining & quarrying	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Past, Unlikely to Return		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Past Impact
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Residential & commercial development	Housing & urban areas	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem conversion
Transportation & service corridors	Roads & railroads	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Causing/Could cause fluctuations		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Brown-backed Parrotlet Touit melanonotus. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/brown-backed-parrotlet-touit-melanonotus on 22/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/12/2024.