Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2018 | Least Concern | |
| 2016 | Least Concern | |
| 2012 | Least Concern | |
| 2009 | Least Concern | |
| 2008 | Least Concern | |
| 2004 | Least Concern | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | medium |
| Land-mass type | Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 6,350,000 km2 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding) | 14,000,000 km2 | medium |
| Severely fragmented? | no | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population size | unknown | poor | estimated | 2006 |
| Population trend | increasing | - | estimated | - |
| Generation length | 10.5 years | - | - | - |
Population justification: Delany and Scott (2006) estimate the population at 255,000-525,000 individuals.
Trend justification: This species has undergone a small or statistically insignificant increase over the last 40 years in North America (data from Breeding Bird Survey and/or Christmas Bird Count: Butcher and Niven 2007).
| Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antigua and Barbuda | extant | native | ||||
| Bahamas | extant | native | ||||
| Barbados | extant | native | ||||
| Belgium | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Belize | extant | native | ||||
| Bermuda (to UK) | extant | native | ||||
| Canada | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Colombia | extant | native | ||||
| Costa Rica | extant | native | yes | |||
| Cuba | extant | native | ||||
| Czechia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Denmark | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Dominica | extant | native | ||||
| Dominican Republic | extant | native | ||||
| France | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Greenland (to Denmark) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Guadeloupe (to France) | extant | native | ||||
| Haiti | extant | native | ||||
| Iceland | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Ireland | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Israel | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Japan | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Martinique (to France) | extant | native | ||||
| Mexico | extant | native | ||||
| Montserrat (to UK) | extant | native | ||||
| Morocco | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Netherlands | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Norway | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Panama | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Portugal | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Puerto Rico (to USA) | extant | native | ||||
| Spain | extant | vagrant | ||||
| St Kitts and Nevis | extant | native | ||||
| St Lucia | extant | native | ||||
| St Pierre and Miquelon (to France) | extant | vagrant | yes | yes | ||
| St Vincent and the Grenadines | extant | native | ||||
| Sweden | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Turks and Caicos Islands (to UK) | extant | native | ||||
| United Kingdom | extant | vagrant | ||||
| USA | extant | native | yes |
| Country/Territory | IBA Name |
|---|---|
| Canada | Active Pass |
| Canada | Grand Manan Archipelago |
| Canada | Long Point Peninsula and Marshes |
| Canada | Niagara River Corridor |
| Canada | Point Pelee |
| Canada | Prince Edward County South Shore |
| Canada | Quoddy Region |
| Mexico | Complejo Lagunar Ojo de Liebre |
| Mexico | Isla San Pedro Mártir |
| USA | Niagara River Corridor |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Forest | Boreal | major | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Estuaries | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Macroalgal/Kelp | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Pelagic | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Seagrass (Submerged) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy-Mud | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands | major | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Altitude | 0 - 600 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate change & severe weather | Habitat shifting & alteration | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Future | Whole (>90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Purpose | Scale |
|---|---|
| Pets/display animals, horticulture | international |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Bonaparte's Gull Larus philadelphia. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/bonapartes-gull-larus-philadelphia on 22/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/12/2024.