• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	B1ab(ii,iii,iv,v)+2ab(ii,iii,iv,v); C2a(i)

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2021	Vulnerable	B1ab(ii,iii,iv,v)+2ab(ii,iii,iv,v); C2a(i)
2016	Endangered	B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v);C2a(i)
2012	Endangered	B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v);C2a(i)
2008	Endangered	B1a+b(i,ii,iii,iv,v)
2006	Endangered
2004	Endangered
2000	Endangered
1996	Endangered
1994	Endangered
1988	Threatened

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	does not normally occur in forest
Land-mass type	continent	Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	13,200 km2	medium
Area of Occupancy (breeding/resident)	400 km2
Number of locations	6-10	-
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	3700 mature individuals	medium	estimated	2016
Population trend	decreasing	poor	inferred	2016-2026
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	10-29%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	10-29%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	10-29%	-	-	-
Generation length	2.7 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	5	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	1-89%	-	-	-

Population justification: The species is localised, but fairly common in suitable habitat (Taylor and Sharpe 2020). Based on an observed population density of 68 individuals/km² at Laguna de Tota and under the assumption that 50% of the remaining habitat is occupied, the total population has been estimated at 5,600 individuals (Renjifo et al. 2016). This roughly equates to 3,700 mature individuals.
The population structure has not been investigated. It is hypothesised that the species forms several subpopulations separated by mountain ranges (Fundación ProAves in litt. 2020; L. Rosselli and F. G. Stiles in litt. 2020), though this requires confirmation (see Renjifo et al. 2016; Taylor and Sharpe 2020). Based on the spatial spread of sites with high concentrations of the species, it is here tentatively assumed that the species forms five subpopulations, the largest of which may well number below 1,000 mature individuals.

Trend justification: The species is undergoing a population decline as suitable habitat within its range is destructed and degraded; it has disappeared from some localities that were formerly occupied (Renjifo et al. 2016; L. Rosselli and F. G. Stiles in litt. 2020; Taylor and Sharpe 2020). Observational data suggests that the population is experiencing steep declines of up to 40% over ten years in some wetlands (L. Rosselli and F. G. Stiles in litt. 2020), in other wetlands the population seems to remain stable (Fundación ProAves in litt. 2020), while in others it fluctuates or even increases over time (Novoa Salamanca 2014). Fundación ProAves (in litt. 2020) have placed the overall decline in the band 10-19% over ten years, but to account for varying trend estimates and more rapid declines in some areas, it is precautionarily assumed that the rate of decline may be steeper than this. It is thus here placed in the band 10-29% over ten years.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Colombia	extant	native	yes
Peru	possibly extinct	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Colombia	Bosques de la Falla del Tequendama
Colombia	Complejo Lacustre de Fúquene, Cucunubá y Palacio
Colombia	Gravilleras del Valle del Río Siecha
Colombia	Humedales de la Sabana de Bogotá
Colombia	Laguna de Tota
Colombia	Parque Nacional Natural Chingaza and surroundings
Colombia	Sumapaz Natural National Park

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Grassland	Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude	suitable	resident
Wetlands (inland)	Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands	major	resident
Wetlands (inland)	Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha)	major	resident
Wetlands (inland)	Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha)	major	resident
Wetlands (inland)	Shrub Dominated Wetlands	major	resident
Altitude	2500 - 4000 m	Occasional altitudinal limits	(min) 2100 m

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Livestock farming & ranching - Agro-industry grazing, ranching or farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Livestock farming & ranching - Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Gathering terrestrial plants - Unintentional effects (species is not the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Canis familiaris	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Unknown		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Felis catus	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Unknown		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Named species	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Future		Unknown		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality
Natural system modifications	Dams & water management/use - Abstraction of surface water (agricultural use)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Natural system modifications	Dams & water management/use - Abstraction of surface water (domestic use)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Pollution	Agricultural & forestry effluents - Herbicides and pesticides	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Species mortality
Residential & commercial development	Housing & urban areas	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Residential & commercial development	Tourism & recreation areas	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Transportation & service corridors	Roads & railroads	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation

Purpose	Scale
Food - human	subsistence, national

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Bogota Rail Rallus semiplumbeus. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/bogota-rail-rallus-semiplumbeus on 23/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/11/2024.