Data Zone
Allport, G., Dell, D., Hamerlynck, O. and Hamerlynck, Z. 2021. Update on status and records of Blue Swallow Hirundo atrocaerulea and other hirundines from Mozambique. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club 141(2): 142-155.
Anon. 2005. Cold, dry weather hits Blue Swallows. Laniarius 97: 9-11.
Anon. 2005. Results of the 2004 national Blue Swallow count. KZN Birds 12: 9.
Anon. 2005. Status of Blue Swallow Hirundo atrocaerulea in Nyika National Park, Malawi. Bulletin of the African Bird Club 12(2): 89.
Anon. 2021. Conservation Conversations: Saving South Africa's Blue Swallows - S McKean & B Coverdale. Webinar. BirdLife South Africa. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PKoiXHJDFH0. (Accessed: 6th June, 2023).
Anon. 2022. Saving the Blue Swallows – The Story of Roselands Nature Reserve. Oryx Photo Tours/Marius Coetzee Photography 2022. Available at: https://www.oryxphoto.com/saving-the-blue-swallows/. (Accessed: 12th June, 2023).
Arnott, W. 2004. Blue swallow monitoring. KZN Birds 10: 10.
Bennun, L. and Njoroge, P. 1999. Important Bird Areas in Kenya. Nature Kenya, Nairobi.
Berruti, A., McIntosh, B., Walter, R. and Durban, I. 1995. Parasitism of the Blue Swallow Hirundo atrocaerulea by the Greater Honeyguide Indicator indicator. Ostrich 66: 94.
Bird, J.P., Martin, R., Akçakaya, H.R., Gilroy, J., Burfield, I.J., Garnett, S.G., Symes, A., Taylor, J., Şekercioğlu, Ç.H. and Butchart, S.H.M. 2020. Generation lengths of the world’s birds and their implications for extinction risk. Conservation Biology 34(5): 1252-1261. DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13486.
Childes, S.L. 2001. Blue Swallow (Hirundo atrocaerulea) status and distribution in Zimbabwe. Unpublished report. BirdLife Zimbabwe, Harare.
Collar, N.J. and Stuart, S.N. 1985. Threatened birds of Africa and related islands: the ICBP/IUCN Red Data Book. International Council for Bird Preservation, and International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Cambridge, U.K.
Donald, P.F., Fernando, E., Brown, L., Busana, M., Butchart, S.H.M., Chng, S., Colina, A.d.l., Ferreira, J.M., Jain, A., Jones, V.R., Lapido, R., Malsch, K., McDougall, A., Muccio, C., Nguyen, D., Outhwaite, W., Petrovan, S.O., Stafford, C., Sutherland, W.J., Tallowin, O. and Safford, R. 2024. Assessing the global prevalence of wild birds in trade. Conservation Biology (in press).
Dowsett-Lemaire, F. 2006. A contribution to the ornithology of Malawi. Tauraco Press, Liège, Belgium.
Earlé, R.A. 1987. Measurements, moult and timing of breeding in the Blue Swallow. Ostrich 58: 182-185.
eBird. 2023. eBird: An online database of bird distribution and abundance [web application]. Ithaca, New York. eBird, Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Available at: http://www.ebird.org.
Evans, S.W. 2000. The Blue Swallow Hirundo atrocaerulea. Endangered Wildlife 35: 35.
Evans, S.W. 2008. The conservation ecology and breeding biology of the Blue Swallow Hirundo atrocaerulea, Sundevall 1850, in South Africa. PhD thesis. North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
Evans, S.W. 2015. Blue Swallow Hirundo atrocaerulea. In: Taylor, M.L. (ed.), Eskom red data book of birds of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland, BirdLife South Africa, Johannesburg.
Evans, S.W. and Barnes, K.N. 2000. Blue Swallow Hirundo atrocaerulea. In: K. N. Barnes (ed.), The Eskom Red Data Book of birds of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland, pp. 32–34. BirdLife South Africa, Johannesburg.
Evans, S.W. and Bouwman, H. 2010. Historical and current distribution, population size and current migration routes of the Blue Swallow Hirundo atrocaerulea in Africa. Bird Conservation International 20: 240-254.
Evans, S.W., Baker, E.M., Baker, N.E. and Cilliers, D. 2016. Current distribution and population size of the Blue Swallow Hirundo atrocaerulea in the southern Tanzanian highlands. Ostrich 87(1): 37-46.
Evans, S.W., Cohen, L., Sande, E., Monadjem, A., Hoffmann, D., Mattison, H., Newbery, P., Ndanganga, K.; Friedmann, Y. 2002. Blue Swallow (Hirundo atrocaerulea) International Action Plan. Final Workshop Report.
Evans, S.W., Monadjem, A., Roxburgh, L., McKechnie, A.E., Baker, E.M., Kizungu, R.B., Little, I.T., Matsvimbo, F., Mulwa, R.K., Mwizabi, D., Nalwanga, D., Ndang'ang'a, K. and Combrink, L. 2015. Current conservation status of the Blue Swallow Hirundo atrocaerulea Sundevall 1850 in Africa. Ostrich 86(3): 195-211.
Holroyd, G.L. and Quinn, M.S. Undated. The Blue Swallows (Hirundo atrocaerulea) of Nyika National Park, Malawi.
IUCN. 2024. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2024-2. Available at: https://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 22 October 2024).
Johnson, D.N. 1996. Digging for the Blue Swallow - does it work? Is it ethical? Lammergeyer 44: 46-49.
Keith, S., Urban, E.K. and Fry, C.H. 1992. The Birds of Africa Vol. IV. Academic Press, London.
Kylin, H., Bouwman, H. and Evans, S. W. 2011. Evaluating threats to an endangered species by proxy: air pollution as threat to the blue swallow (Hirundo atrocaerulea) in South Africa. Environ Sci Pollut Res 18: 282-290.
Matsvimbo, F. and Wachi, T. 2014. Blue Swallow Survey Report November 2013-March 2014. Harare. BirdLife Zimbabwe. Available at: http://www.birdlifezimbabwe.org/Attachments/Blue%20Swallow%20Survey%20Report.pdf.
Mattison, H. 2003. Report on the 2002/2003 Blue Swallow breeding season; Kwazulu-Natal. KZN Birds: 19-20.
Mattison, H. 2004. Results of the national Blue Swallow count. KZN Birds: 18-19.
McKechnie, A. and Little, I. 2012. Teetering: South Africa's Blue Swallows in trouble. Africa - Birds & Birding 17: 28-33.
Meikle, J. 2010. Blue Swallow behaviour and breeding in Penhalonga. Honeyguide 56(1): 52-54.
Meikle, J. 2012. Pre-migratory behaviour of Blue Swallows. Honeyguide 59(2): 120-121.
Monadjem, A., Boycott, R.C., Roques, K., Gama, R. and Garcelon, D. 2006. Nest success and conservation status of the Blue Swallow Hirundo atrocaerulea in Swaziland. Bird Conservation International 16(3): 187-196.
Mudereri, B., Imbayarwo-Chikosi, V.E., Chirara, C. and Kamanda, M. 2009. Threats to blue swallow (Hirundo atrocaerulea) population in Sanyatwe communal lands of Zimbabwe. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa 10(4): 345-356.
Mudereri, B.T., Mukanga, C., Mupfiga, E.T., Gwatirisa, C., Kimathi, E. and Chitata, T. 2020. Analysis of potentially suitable habitat within migration connections of an intra-African migrant-the Blue Swallow (Hirundo atrocaerulea). Ecological Informatics 57: 101082.
Mwizabi, D., Nkandu, B., Mwiya, E.K., Bingham, M., Moonga, W., Shawa, J., Kamweneshe, B., Stjernstedt, B. and Evans, S.W. (eds.). 2003. Zambian Blue Swallow (Hirundo atrocaerulea) Action Plan. BirdLife South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa. Available at: https://www.darwininitiative.org.uk/documents/DAR10019/2697/10-019%20FR%20Ann%20m.%20Action%20Plan%20-%20Zambian%20Blue%20Swallow.pdf.
Nasirwa, O. and Njoroge, P. 1997. Papyrus-endemic birds in the fringing swamps of Lake Victoria, Western Kenya.
Ndang'ang'a, P. K. 2007. Blue Swallow Hirundo atrocaerulea in Kenya: status survey and conservation options. Scopus 26: 1-9.
Ndanganga, P. 2004. Monitoring Blue Swallows. Nature East Africa 34: 25-26.
Ogoma, M. 2013a. Habitat Mapping and Participative Research for Conservation of globally Threatened Blue Swallow in the unprotected Busia Grasslands IBA, Kenya. African Bird Club Conservation Fund.
Ogoma, M. 2013b. Ecological survey and status of Blue Swallow Hirundo atrocaerulea in Ruma National Park, Kenya. Unpublished report to the African Bird Club.
Parker, V. 1994. Swaziland bird atlas 1985--1991. Webster's, Mbabane.
Rijke, A.M., Jesser, W.A., Evans, S.W. and Bouwman, H. 2000. Water repellency and feather structure of the blue swallow Hirundo atrocaerulea. Ostrich 71 71: 143-145.
Turner, A. and Rose, C. 1989. Swallows and martins of the world. Christopher Helm, London.
Wakelin, J. 2004. Diminishing returns: critical times for South Africa's Blue Swallows. Africa - Birds & Birding: 42-46.
Wakelin, J., McKechnie, A.E. and Woodborne, S. 2011. Stable isotope analysis of migratory connectivity in a threatened intra-African migrant, the Blue Swallow (Hirundo atrocaerulea). Journal of Ornithology 152(1): 171-177.
Wakelin, J., Wilson, A.-L. and Downs, C.T. 2013. Ground cavity nest temperatures and their relevance to Blue swallow Hirundo atrocaerulea conservation. Ostrich 84(3): 221-226.
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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Blue Swallow Hirundo atrocaerulea. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/blue-swallow-hirundo-atrocaerulea on 22/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/11/2024.