NT
Blue-rumped Parrot Psittinus cyanurus



Taxonomy

Taxonomic note

Psittinus cyanurus and P. abbotti (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. cyanurus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

IUCN Red List criteria met and history
Red List criteria met
Critically Endangered Endangered Vulnerable
- - -

Red List history
Year Category Criteria
2023 Near Threatened A2cd+3cd+4cd
2016 Near Threatened A2cd+3cd+4cd
2014 Near Threatened A2cd+3cd+4cd
2012 Not Recognised
2008 Not Recognised
2004 Not Recognised
2000 Not Recognised
1994 Not Recognised
1988 Not Recognised
Species attributes

Migratory status nomadic Forest dependency medium
Land-mass type Average mass -
Range

Estimate Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) 3,540,000 km2 medium
Severely fragmented? no -
Population
Estimate Data quality Derivation Year of estimate
Population size unknown - - -
Population trend decreasing poor inferred 2018-2028
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) 15-29,23-24% - - -
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) 15-29,23-24% - - -
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) 15-29,23-24% - - -
Generation length 2.6 years - - -
Number of subpopulations 2-50 - - -
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation 1-89% - - -

Population justification: The population size of this species has not been formally quantified but is described as common by Eaton et al. (2021). Juniper and Parr (1998) suspected it to number more than 100,000 individuals and, given the immense size of its range, it may well be many times this. It remains commonly observed in suitable habitat, including isolated blocks of forest in Singapore, but is absent from areas where there is not even scattered native vegetation (eBird 2022). This is congruent with reporting in del Hoyo et al. (1997), which described the species as common in primary habitat and uncommon in secondary habitats and plantations.

Trend justification: The overall population is inferred to be declining in response to habitat loss and degradation, but locally some populations may be increasing.
In the majority of the species' range, the widespread conversion of native forest into plantations is thought to be causing a decline. Although Psittinus cyanurus readily feeds in these plantations and is tolerant of degradation (Juniper and Parr 1998, Peh et al. 2006, Eaton et al. 2021), it is thought to require nearby forest for breeding (del Hoyo et al. 1997), and citizen science data (eBird 2022) support this. In the 10 years to 2022, forest cover in its range reduced by 17-22% (Global Forest Watch 2022, based on data from Hansen et al. [2013] and methods disclosed therein) and this is thought to have caused concomitant declines of 15-25%. Additionally, the species may be impacted by trapping for the pet trade (Symes et al. 2018), although no robust data exist to quantify this. In Singapore, where forest cover is stable, the population was reportedly increasing, or at least remaining stable (Lim and Yong 2011).
Combining these threats, the species is suspected to have declined globally by 15-29% over the past ten years, and the same rate is thought likely to occur in the future. This is congruent with Symes et al. (2018), who predicted the species had declined by 27% over 11.4 years to 2018 (adjusted to c.23-24% over ten years), although the latter authors considered trapping to be causing a greater contribution to this than habitat loss.


Country/territory distribution
Country/Territory Presence Origin Resident Breeding visitor Non-breeding visitor Passage migrant
Brunei extant native yes
Indonesia extant native yes
Malaysia extant native yes
Myanmar extant native yes
Singapore extant native yes
Thailand extant native yes

Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBA)
Country/Territory IBA Name
Malaysia Belum-Temenggor
Malaysia Danum Valley Conservation Area
Malaysia Endau-Rompin
Malaysia Kabili-Sepilok
Malaysia Krau Wildlife Reserve
Malaysia Maliau Basin Conservation Area
Malaysia Panti forest
Malaysia Pondok Tanjung Forest Reserve
Malaysia Selangor Heritage Park
Malaysia Tabin Wildlife Reserve
Malaysia Ulu Muda
Thailand Bala Sector, Hala-Bala Wildlife Sanctuary
Thailand Khao Banthad
Thailand Khao Luang
Thailand Khao Nor Chuchi
Thailand Thaleban

Habitats & altitude
Habitat (level 1) Habitat (level 2) Importance Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial Plantations suitable resident
Artificial/Terrestrial Rural Gardens suitable resident
Artificial/Terrestrial Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest suitable resident
Forest Subtropical/Tropical Dry suitable resident
Forest Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Vegetation Above High Tide Level suitable resident
Forest Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland suitable resident
Altitude 0 - 700 m Occasional altitudinal limits (max) 1300 m

Threats & impact
Threat (level 1) Threat (level 2) Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Slow, Significant Declines Low Impact: 5
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Slow, Significant Declines Low Impact: 5
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Slow, Significant Declines Low Impact: 5
Stresses
Species mortality
Biological resource use Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest] Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Slow, Significant Declines Low Impact: 5
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest] Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Slow, Significant Declines Low Impact: 5
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation

Utilisation
Purpose Scale
Food - human subsistence
Pets/display animals, horticulture national, international

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Blue-rumped Parrot Psittinus cyanurus. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/blue-rumped-parrot-psittinus-cyanurus on 22/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/12/2024.