• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic note

Psittinus cyanurus and P. abbotti (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. cyanurus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2023	Near Threatened	A2cd+3cd+4cd
2016	Near Threatened	A2cd+3cd+4cd
2014	Near Threatened	A2cd+3cd+4cd
2012	Not Recognised
2008	Not Recognised
2004	Not Recognised
2000	Not Recognised
1994	Not Recognised
1988	Not Recognised

Migratory status	nomadic	Forest dependency	medium
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	3,540,000 km2	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	unknown	-	-	-
Population trend	decreasing	poor	inferred	2018-2028
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	15-29,23-24%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	15-29,23-24%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	15-29,23-24%	-	-	-
Generation length	2.6 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	2-50	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	1-89%	-	-	-

Population justification: The population size of this species has not been formally quantified but is described as common by Eaton et al. (2021). Juniper and Parr (1998) suspected it to number more than 100,000 individuals and, given the immense size of its range, it may well be many times this. It remains commonly observed in suitable habitat, including isolated blocks of forest in Singapore, but is absent from areas where there is not even scattered native vegetation (eBird 2022). This is congruent with reporting in del Hoyo et al. (1997), which described the species as common in primary habitat and uncommon in secondary habitats and plantations.

Trend justification: The overall population is inferred to be declining in response to habitat loss and degradation, but locally some populations may be increasing.
In the majority of the species' range, the widespread conversion of native forest into plantations is thought to be causing a decline. Although Psittinus cyanurus readily feeds in these plantations and is tolerant of degradation (Juniper and Parr 1998, Peh et al. 2006, Eaton et al. 2021), it is thought to require nearby forest for breeding (del Hoyo et al. 1997), and citizen science data (eBird 2022) support this. In the 10 years to 2022, forest cover in its range reduced by 17-22% (Global Forest Watch 2022, based on data from Hansen et al. [2013] and methods disclosed therein) and this is thought to have caused concomitant declines of 15-25%. Additionally, the species may be impacted by trapping for the pet trade (Symes et al. 2018), although no robust data exist to quantify this. In Singapore, where forest cover is stable, the population was reportedly increasing, or at least remaining stable (Lim and Yong 2011).
Combining these threats, the species is suspected to have declined globally by 15-29% over the past ten years, and the same rate is thought likely to occur in the future. This is congruent with Symes et al. (2018), who predicted the species had declined by 27% over 11.4 years to 2018 (adjusted to c.23-24% over ten years), although the latter authors considered trapping to be causing a greater contribution to this than habitat loss.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Brunei	extant	native	yes
Indonesia	extant	native	yes
Malaysia	extant	native	yes
Myanmar	extant	native	yes
Singapore	extant	native	yes
Thailand	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Malaysia	Belum-Temenggor
Malaysia	Danum Valley Conservation Area
Malaysia	Endau-Rompin
Malaysia	Kabili-Sepilok
Malaysia	Krau Wildlife Reserve
Malaysia	Maliau Basin Conservation Area
Malaysia	Panti forest
Malaysia	Pondok Tanjung Forest Reserve
Malaysia	Selangor Heritage Park
Malaysia	Tabin Wildlife Reserve
Malaysia	Ulu Muda
Thailand	Bala Sector, Hala-Bala Wildlife Sanctuary
Thailand	Khao Banthad
Thailand	Khao Luang
Thailand	Khao Nor Chuchi
Thailand	Thaleban

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Plantations	suitable	resident
Artificial/Terrestrial	Rural Gardens	suitable	resident
Artificial/Terrestrial	Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Vegetation Above High Tide Level	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	suitable	resident
Altitude	0 - 700 m	Occasional altitudinal limits	(max) 1300 m

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Species mortality
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation

Purpose	Scale
Food - human	subsistence
Pets/display animals, horticulture	national, international

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Blue-rumped Parrot Psittinus cyanurus. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/blue-rumped-parrot-psittinus-cyanurus on 22/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/11/2024.