Data Zone
Adams, J.; Cunningham, D.; Molloy, J.; Phillipson, S. 1997. Blue Duck (Whio) Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos recovery plan. Department of Conservation, Wellington.
Baillie, B. R.; Glaser, A. B. 2005. Roost habitat of a North Island blue duck (Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos) population. Notornis 52: 1-5.
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Department of Conservation. 2014. Battle for our Birds. Available at: http://www.doc.govt.nz/our-work/battle-for-our-birds/battle-for-our-birds-monitoring-results/blue-duck-whio/ . (Accessed: 20/7/2016).
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Eldridge, J.L. 1986. Territoriality in a river specialist. Wildfowl 37: 123-135.
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Glaser, A.; van Klink, P.; Elliott, G.; Edge, K-A. 2010. Whio/blue duck (Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos) recovery plan: 2009–2019. Threatened Species Recovery Plan 62.. Department of Conservation, Wellington.
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Glaser, A.B. 2016. Whio/blue duck Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos Recovery Group Update 2016. Department of Conservation, Opotiki.
Gummer, H. 2016. Whio Recovery Group Meeting Minutes 2016. Department of Conservation, Wellington .
Harding, M. A. 1990. Observations of fruit eating by blue duck. Notornis 37: 150-2.
Heather, B. D. & Robertson, H. A. 1997. The Field Guide to the Birds of New Zealand. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
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King, E. 2015. Egmont National Park Whio Establishment Project for 2014/15 year. Department of Conservation, New Plymouth District Office .
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Morton, P. 2015. Progress Report for the Whio Investment Agreement Management Committee. Department of Conservation.
Riddler, N.D. 2009 (unpublished). Agents cause decline of Blue Duck, Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos. Auckland University of Technology, Auckland.
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Steffens, K.E., Malham, J.P., Davies, R.S., Elliott, G.P. 2022. Testing the effectiveness of integrated pest control at protecting whio (Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos) from stoat (Mustela erminea) predation in beech forest (Nothofagaceae). New Zealand Journal of Ecology 46(1): 1-13.
Stier, S. 2008. Whio monitoring and the Tongariro power scheme. Southern Bird: 9, 12-13.
Swanney, M. 2014 (unpublished). Blue duck (whio) monitoring on Western Diversion Streams- Mangatepopo, Whanganui and Whakapapa, December 2014. Department of Conservation, Tongariro District Office.
Triggs, S. J.; Williams, M.; Marshall, S. J.; Chambers, G. K. 1992. Genetic structure of Blue Duck Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos populations revealed by DNA fingerprinting. The Auk 109: 80-89.
Veltman, C.J., Collier, K.J., Henderson, I.M. and Newton, L. 1995. Foraging ecology of Blue Ducks Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos on a New Zealand river: implications for conservation. Biological Conservation 74: 187-194.
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Williams, M. 1988. Conservation strategy for Blue Duck 1988-1992. Department of Conservation, Wellington.
Williams, M. 1991. Social and demographic characteristics of Blue Duck Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos. Wildfowl 42: 65.
Williams, M. 2005. Blue Duck. Wingspan 15: 15.
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Young, D. 2009. Fast and furious. Forest and Bird: 44-46.
IUCN SSC Duck Specialist Group
IUCN SSC Threatened Waterfowl Specialist Group
New Zealand Govt - Dept of Conservation - Recovery Plan
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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Blue Duck Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/blue-duck-hymenolaimus-malacorhynchos on 27/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 27/12/2024.