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• Reference and further resources

Adams, J.; Cunningham, D.; Molloy, J.; Phillipson, S. 1997. Blue Duck (Whio) Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos recovery plan. Department of Conservation, Wellington.

Baillie, B. R.; Glaser, A. B. 2005. Roost habitat of a North Island blue duck (Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos) population. Notornis 52: 1-5.

Bird, J.P., Martin, R., Akçakaya, H.R., Gilroy, J., Burfield, I.J., Garnett, S.G., Symes, A., Taylor, J., ?ekercio?lu, Ç.H. and Butchart, S.H.M. 2020. Generation lengths of the world’s birds and their implications for extinction risk. Conservation Biology 34(5): 1252-1261. DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13486.

Buck, C. 2016. Whio forever Communications and Advocacy Plan 2016/17. Department of Conservation,, Auckland.

Collier, K.J., Moralee, S.J. and Wakelin, M.D. 1993. Factors affecting the distribution of Blue Duck Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos. Biological Conservation 63: 119-126.

Department of Conservation. 2014. Battle for our Birds. Available at: http://www.doc.govt.nz/our-work/battle-for-our-birds/battle-for-our-birds-monitoring-results/blue-duck-whio/ . (Accessed: 20/7/2016).

Department of Conservation. 2014. Whio App wins Award, Internet team Department of Conservation, Wellington. . Available at: http://intranet/news-summary/doc-notice-summary/whio-app-wins-award/ . (Accessed: 19/07/2016).

Department of Conservation. 2016. Whio Forever Education Resource, Years 5-8 Seniors. . Available at: http://www.doc.govt.nz/Documents/conservation/native-animals/birds/whio/whio-forever-education-resource-senior.pdf. (Accessed: 19/07/2016).

Department of Conservation. 2022. Blue duck/whio . Available at: http://www.doc.govt.nz/whio.

Eldridge, J.L. 1986. Territoriality in a river specialist. Wildfowl 37: 123-135.

Glaser, A; Allerby, T. 2010. Whio in Moorcroft, G (Ed.); Te Urewera Mainland Island Annual Report: July 2008 - June 2009 Baigent, D; Barsdell, J; Gebert, S; Livingstone, P; Kirk, A; Haxton J; Thyne, C . East coast bay of plenty conservancy, Department of Conservation, Rotorua.

Glaser, A.; van Klink, P.; Elliott, G.; Edge, K-A. 2010. Whio/blue duck (Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos) recovery plan: 2009–2019. Threatened Species Recovery Plan 62.. Department of Conservation, Wellington.

Glaser, A.B. 2003. Blue Duck Monitoring Opotiki Area 2002/03. Department of Conservation, Opotiki .

Glaser, A.B. 2016. Whio/blue duck Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos Recovery Group Update 2016. Department of Conservation, Opotiki.

Gummer, H. 2016. Whio Recovery Group Meeting Minutes 2016. Department of Conservation, Wellington .

Harding, M. A. 1990. Observations of fruit eating by blue duck. Notornis 37: 150-2.

Heather, B. D. & Robertson, H. A. 1997. The Field Guide to the Birds of New Zealand. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.

Heather, B. D.; Robertson, H. A. 2015. The field guide to the birds of New Zealand. Penguin Books (NZ) Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand.

IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-2. Available at: https://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 08 December 2022).

King, E. 2015. Egmont National Park Whio Establishment Project for 2014/15 year. Department of Conservation, New Plymouth District Office .

Marchant, S. & Higgins, P.J. 1990. Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds, 1: ratites to ducks. Oxford University Press, Melbourne.

Morton, P. 2015. Progress Report for the Whio Investment Agreement Management Committee. Department of Conservation.

Riddler, N.D. 2009 (unpublished). Agents cause decline of Blue Duck, Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos. Auckland University of Technology, Auckland.

Robertson, H.A., Baird, K.A., Elliott, G.P., Rodney, A., Hitchmough, N.J., Makan, T.D., Miskelly, C.M., O'Donnell, C.F.J., Sagar, P.M., Scofield, R.P., Taylor, G.A., Michel, P. 2021. Conservation status of birds in Aotearoa New Zealand, 2021. Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand.

Scrimgeour, J. 2015. Population modelling for whio Security Sites: progress towards protecting 50 pairs at each site. Department of Conservation, Taupo.

Scrimgeour, J. 2015. South Island WHIONE and Breed for Release Programme: Translocation outline document. Department of Conservation Taupo.

Simpkins, C.; Perry, G. L. W.; Glaser, A.; Allerby, T.; Dennis, T. E. 2015. Effects of predation by introduced mammals and mortality due to severe floods on population viability of the endangered Blue Duck (Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos). Emu 115 (146-157).

Steffens, K.E., Malham, J.P., Davies, R.S., Elliott, G.P. 2022. Testing the effectiveness of integrated pest control at protecting whio (Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos) from stoat (Mustela erminea) predation in beech forest (Nothofagaceae). New Zealand Journal of Ecology 46(1): 1-13.

Stier, S. 2008. Whio monitoring and the Tongariro power scheme. Southern Bird: 9, 12-13.

Swanney, M. 2014 (unpublished). Blue duck (whio) monitoring on Western Diversion Streams- Mangatepopo, Whanganui and Whakapapa, December 2014. Department of Conservation, Tongariro District Office.

Triggs, S. J.; Williams, M.; Marshall, S. J.; Chambers, G. K. 1992. Genetic structure of Blue Duck Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos populations revealed by DNA fingerprinting. The Auk 109: 80-89.

Veltman, C.J., Collier, K.J., Henderson, I.M. and Newton, L. 1995. Foraging ecology of Blue Ducks Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos on a New Zealand river: implications for conservation. Biological Conservation 74: 187-194.

Whitehead, A. L.; Edge, K.-A.; Smart, A. F.; Hill, G. S.; Willans, M. J. 2008. Large scale predator control improves the productivity of a rare New Zealand riverine duck. Biological Conservation 141(11): 2784-2794.

Williams, M. 1988. Conservation strategy for Blue Duck 1988-1992. Department of Conservation, Wellington.

Williams, M. 1991. Social and demographic characteristics of Blue Duck Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos. Wildfowl 42: 65.

Williams, M. 2005. Blue Duck. Wingspan 15: 15.

Worthy, T. H.; Holdaway, R. N. 2002. The Lost World of the Moa: prehistoric life of New Zealand. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, Indiana.

Young, D. 2009. Fast and furious. Forest and Bird: 44-46.

IUCN SSC Duck Specialist Group

IUCN SSC Threatened Waterfowl Specialist Group

New Zealand Govt - Dept of Conservation - Recovery Plan

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Blue Duck Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/blue-duck-hymenolaimus-malacorhynchos on 23/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/11/2024.