• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2023	Least Concern
2016	Near Threatened	C1
2012	Near Threatened	C1
2008	Near Threatened	C1
2004	Near Threatened
2000	Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1994	Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	medium
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	76,000 km2	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	50000-99999 mature individuals	poor	estimated	-
Population trend	decreasing	poor	suspected	2016-2027
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-9%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-9%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-9%	-	-	-
Generation length	3.8 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	13-20	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	1-89%	-	-	-

Population justification: The population size is unlikely to be small. The species has a large range encompassing more than 18,000 km² of suitable habitat (per Global Forest Watch 2022). It is described as uncommon or common (Gibbs et al. 2001, Vetter 2009, Eaton et al. 2021); citizen science data (eBird 2022) show it to be the most frequently observed and most abundant Ptilinopus in its range, including in degraded habitat. This is congruent with data from Poulsen and Lambert (2000) which showed it to be very common on Halmahera. In the then Lolobata Wildlife Reserve (known now as Aketajawe Lolobata National Park), a population size of 8,700 individuals was estimated in an area of 1,060 km² (cited as 'Fuller undated', in Gibbs et al. 2001), although the method behind this is unclear. If this density (c.8.2 birds/km²) is applied to the entire range, the total population size would be estimated  at c.150,000 birds, or c.100,000 mature individuals. Recognising that the species may be most abundant in protected areas, this is considered the maximum population size, which is suspected here to number 50,000-99,999 mature individuals.

Trend justification: The species is suspected to be declining at a slow rate because of habitat loss that is ongoing through lowland forest in North Maluku and is projected to continue, and perhaps accelerate (see Voigt et al. 2021). In the three generations (11.4 years; Bird et al. 2020) to 2022, forest cover in its range was reduced by c.10% (Global Forest Watch 2022, based on data from Hansen et al. [2013] and methods disclosed therein) and this does not account for habitat degradation. However, this species remains very common even in degraded habitats, including second growth, mangroves and plantations (Gibbs et al. 2001, Baptista et al. 2020, Eaton et al. 2021, eBird 2022), making it among the most adaptable Ptilinopus on the islands. Consequently, the rate of forest cover reduction is thought to be the maximum reduction in population size. Over the past three generations, it is therefore thought to have declined by 1-9%, and this same rate is suspected in the future.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Indonesia	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Indonesia	Aketajawe
Indonesia	Hutan Bakau Dodaga
Indonesia	Morotai
Indonesia	Tanah Putih

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Rural Gardens	marginal	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Vegetation Above High Tide Level	major	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Altitude	0 - 750 m	Occasional altitudinal limits	(max) 1100 m

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Shifting agriculture	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Wood & pulp plantations - Small-holder plantations	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Energy production & mining	Mining & quarrying	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Blue-capped Fruit-dove Ptilinopus monacha. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/blue-capped-fruit-dove-ptilinopus-monacha on 22/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/11/2024.