Data Zone
Bird, J.P., Martin, R., Akçakaya, H.R., Gilroy, J., Burfield, I.J., Garnett, S.G., Symes, A., Taylor, J., Şekercioğlu, Ç.H. and Butchart, S.H.M. 2020. Generation lengths of the world’s birds and their implications for extinction risk. Conservation Biology 34(5): 1252-1261. DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13486.
Clemens, R., Driessen, J., & Ehmke, G. 2019. Australian Bird Index Phase 2 – Developing Waterbird Indices for National Reporting. Unpublished report for the Department of the Environment. BirdLife Australia, Melbourne.
IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. Available at: https://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 21 July 2022).
Jaensch, R., Dutson, G., Reid, J. 2009. Breeding by blue-billed duck (Oxyura australis) and freckled duck (Stictonetta naevosa) in the Georgina channel country, April 2009. Sunbird 44: 27-35.
Kingsford, R.T. 2000. Ecological impacts of dams, water diversions and river management on floodplain wetlands in Australia. Austral Ecology 25: 109-127.
Loyn, R. H. 1987. A report on the 1987 duck hunting season in Victoria. Department of Conservation, Forests and Lands, and Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Heidelberg, Victoria.
Loyn, R.H., Rogers, D.I., Swindley, R.J., Stamation, K., Macak, P., Menkhorst, P. 2014b. 'Waterbird monitoring at the Western Treatment Plant 2000 – 2012: the effects of climate and sewage treatment processes on waterbird populations'. Department of Sustainability and Environment, Heidelberg, Victoria.
Loyn, R.H., Swindley, R.J., Stamation, K. 2014a. Waste water not wasted: the Western Treatment Plant as a habitat for waterfowl. Victorian Naturalist 131: 147-149.
Marchant, S.; Higgins, P. J. 1990. Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic birds, 1: ratites to ducks. Oxford University Press, Melbourne.
Menkhorst, P. 2019. 'Assessing susceptibility of waterbirds to disturbance by duck hunters in Victoria'. Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Heidelberg.
Menkhorst, P., Brown, G., Stamation, K. 2018. 'Victorian Summer Waterbird Count 2018'. Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Heidelberg.
Menkhorst, P., Stamation, K., Brown, G. 2019. 'Victorian Summer Waterbird Count 2019a'. Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Heidelberg.
Menkhorst, P., Stamation, K., Loyn, R.H., Garnett, S.T. 2021. Blue-billed Duck Oxyura australis. In: Garnett, S.T., Baker, G.B. (ed.), The Action Plan for Australian Birds 2020, pp. 29-31. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne.
Murray, C.G., Loyn, R.H., Kasel, S., Hepworth, G., Stamation, K., Hamilton, A.J. 2012. What can a database compiled over 22 years tell us about the use of different types of wetlands by waterfowl in south-eastern Australian summers? Emu 112: 209-217.
Stamation, K., Loyn, R. 2008. 'Impact of recreational access and stocking on waterbirds and shorebirds – Devilbend Reserve'. Report for Parks, Victoria. Department of Sustainability and Environment, Heidelberg.
Stamation, K., Moloney, P., Menkhorst, P. 2016. 'Flight initiation distances of Blue-billed Ducks in response to non-motorised watercraft at Devilbend Reservoir'. Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Heidelberg.
Wetlands International. 2019. Waterbird Population Estimates. Available at: https://wpe.wetlands.org.
IUCN SSC Duck Specialist Group
IUCN SSC Threatened Waterfowl Specialist Group
Australian Govt - Action Plan for Australian Birds 2000 - Recovery Outline
Search for photos and videos, and hear sounds of this species from the Macaulay Library
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Blue-billed Duck Oxyura australis. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/blue-billed-duck-oxyura-australis on 18/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 18/12/2024.