Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Near Threatened | A2bc+3bc+4bc |
| 2016 | Near Threatened | A2bc+3bc+4bc |
| 2012 | Near Threatened | A2bc+3bc+4bc |
| 2008 | Near Threatened | A2b,c; A3b,c; A4b,c |
| 2007 | Near Threatened | |
| 2006 | Near Threatened | |
| 2004 | Data Deficient | |
| 2000 | Data Deficient | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Near Threatened | |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | does not normally occur in forest |
| Land-mass type | Average mass | 97 g |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 5,560,000 km2 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding) | 11,400,000 km2 | medium |
| Severely fragmented? | no | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population size | 150000-190000 mature individuals | medium | estimated | 2021 |
| Population trend | decreasing | medium | suspected | 2015-2025 |
| Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 1-19% | - | - | - |
| Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 1-19% | - | - | - |
| Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 1-19% | - | - | - |
| Generation length | 2.99 years | - | - | - |
Population justification: The current population is estimated to number between 150,000-190,000 mature individuals (Wetlands International, 2021). From the period of 2008-2019, the breeding population was estimated at 7,910-16,810 pairs, or 16,000-34,000 mature individuals, including Russia (6,000-12,000 pairs), Ukraine (10 pairs; BirdLife International in prep.), Kazakhstan (1,900-4,800 pairs; Kalyakin et al., 2020). BirdLife International in prep. estimates 6,000-12,100 pairs within Europe. It may be premature to revise the population estimate based on these recent low numbers, and so the current population size is retained at 150,000-190,000 breeding individuals. This estimate was previously attained from survey work in Kazakhstan suggesting a population of 76,000-95,000 pairs, roughly equivalent to 220,000-290,000 individuals in total. An even larger flock of 250,000-800,000 individuals in Orange Free State in South Africa in 1991 (du Plessis, 1995), as well as a flock of 76,500 birds at Vaal Dam, South Africa, in 2006 (University of Cape Town 2006) suggests the population may be (or might have been) even larger.
Trend justification: The European population is believed to be stable (BirdLife International in prep.), based on the Russian trend which holds 99% of the total European population. The population is believed to be decreasing in Ukraine (BirdLife International in prep.), and the trend is unknown in Kazakhstan (Kalyakin et al., 2020). The previous assessment of the European population estimated the rate of decline at 30-49% in 21.9 years (BirdLife International 2015), which equates to a 15-26% decline in 10 years (three generations). The species was reported to be increasing in central and north-east Kazakhstan and south-east Russia. Trends in Central Asia are likely to determine the global status of the species, and there is evidence that some colonies have disappeared (see below). Wetlands International (2021) states the trend is uncertain, and highlights the difficulty of estimating trends for a nomadic species. Given the stability in Europe and previous estimates of low-moderate declines, this species is likely to be declining at a rate of 1-19%.
Trends for the Asian population are poorly studied. There was a clear negative trend in eastern areas of the breeding range 1990-2000 going possibly along with a range contraction (e.g. Berezovikov 2002), but a slightly positive trend in some parts of South Asian Russia (Karyakin and Koslov 1999). At least since 2004, a positive trend has been observed in Akmola and Karaganda regions, Central Kazakhstan (J. Kamp et al. in prep.). At least since 2000, numbers have been increasing in Pavlodar region, north-east Kazakhstan, with a 20-30% population increase between 1998 and 2007 (Kamp et al. 2009; A. O Solomatin pers. comm.). This increase coincides with the massive increase of fallow and abandoned land in north-east Kazakhstan and European Russia. The European population (6,000-12,100 pairs) declined by over 50% during 1990-2000, with steep declines in European Russia (A. Mischenko in litt. 1999, Belik et al. 2000) and Ukraine (BirdLife International 2004). Greater availability of suitable habitat is likely to have lessened the declines now (Kamp et al. 2009), owing to the stable trend observed in Russia. Surveys in 2006 of 65,000 km2 in the Stavropolskii Krai, south-east Russia found a total of 1,800 breeding pairs (L. Malovichko and M. Koshkin in litt. 2007) in an area where only 100-200 pairs were estimated in 2004 (Belik and Lebedeva 2004). Declines were reported from the South African wintering grounds (Barnes, 2000). A count of 20,000 individuals in 2006 at Chagraiskoe reservoir, Manych, Stavropolskii Krai, south-west Russia represents one of the largest flocks in recent times recorded outside the wintering range (L. Malovichko and M. Koshkin in litt. 2007). It is clear that additional survey work visiting suitable habitat is required, especially in Kazakhstan and Asiatic Russia, but available evidence does not indicate that the global population is small or declining rapidly.
| Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Angola | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Armenia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Austria | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Azerbaijan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Bahrain | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Belarus | extant | native | yes | |||
| Belgium | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Botswana | extant | native | yes | |||
| Bulgaria | extant | native | yes | |||
| Burundi | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Cameroon | extant | native | ||||
| Central African Republic | extant | native | yes | |||
| Chad | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| China (mainland) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Congo, The Democratic Republic of the | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Côte d'Ivoire | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Croatia | extant | native | ||||
| Cyprus | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Czechia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Denmark | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Egypt | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Equatorial Guinea | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Eritrea | extant | native | yes | |||
| Ethiopia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Finland | extant | vagrant | ||||
| France | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Gabon | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Georgia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Germany | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Ghana | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Greece | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Guinea | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Hungary | extant | native | yes | |||
| Iceland | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | extant | native | yes | |||
| Iraq | extant | native | yes | |||
| Ireland | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Israel | extant | native | yes | |||
| Italy | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Jordan | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Kazakhstan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Kenya | extant | vagrant | yes | yes | ||
| Kuwait | extant | native | yes | |||
| Kyrgyzstan | extant | native | ||||
| Latvia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Lebanon | extant | native | yes | |||
| Lesotho | extant | native | ||||
| Libya | extant | native | ||||
| Mali | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Mauritania | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Moldova | extant | native | yes | |||
| Montenegro | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Morocco | extant | native | ||||
| Namibia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Netherlands | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Niger | extant | native | ||||
| Nigeria | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| North Macedonia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Norway | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Oman | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Palestine | extant | native | yes | |||
| Poland | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Romania | extinct | native | yes | |||
| Russia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Russia (Central Asian) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Russia (European) | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Rwanda | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| São Tomé e Príncipe | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Saudi Arabia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Serbia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Seychelles | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Slovakia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Somalia | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| South Africa | extant | native | yes | |||
| South Sudan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Spain | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Sudan | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Sweden | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Switzerland | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Syria | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Tanzania | extant | native | yes | |||
| Togo | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Türkiye | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Turkmenistan | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Uganda | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Ukraine | extant | native | yes | |||
| United Arab Emirates | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| United Kingdom | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Uzbekistan | extant | native | ||||
| Yemen | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Zambia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Zimbabwe | extant | native |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial/Aquatic & Marine | Artificial/Aquatic - Salt Exploitation Sites | unset | resident |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Arable Land | suitable | breeding |
| Grassland | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | major | non-breeding |
| Grassland | Temperate | major | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands | major | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) | major | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Lakes | unset | breeding |
| Altitude | 0 - 1590 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
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| Agriculture & aquaculture | Livestock farming & ranching - Scale Unknown/Unrecorded | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
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| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Motivation Unknown/Unrecorded | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
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| Climate change & severe weather | Droughts | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
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| Climate change & severe weather | Habitat shifting & alteration | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Future | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
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| Climate change & severe weather | Storms & flooding | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
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| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Problematic native species/diseases | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
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| Pollution | Agricultural & forestry effluents - Herbicides and pesticides | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Black-winged Pratincole Glareola nordmanni. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/black-winged-pratincole-glareola-nordmanni on 26/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 26/12/2024.