• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2024	Least Concern
2016	Least Concern
2012	Least Concern
2009	Least Concern
2008	Least Concern
2004	Least Concern
2000	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1994	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	full migrant	Forest dependency	does not normally occur in forest
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	636,000 km2	medium
Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding)	5,600,000 km2	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	95000 mature individuals	good	estimated	2023
Population trend	stable	-	suspected	-
Generation length	6.51 years	-	-	-

Population justification: It has a relatively large estimated population size (95,000 mature individuals; Partners in Flight 2023), and so does not approach Criteria C or D thresholds.

Trend justification: Considering its population trend over three generations (c. 19.5 years), multiple data sources indicate that it has remained stable trend, or one that fluctuates around the long-term average, including the Christmas Bird Count (Meehan et al. 2022), Migratory Shorebird Project (unpublished data), Partners in Flight (2023) and eBird (Fink et al. 2023).

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Canada	extant	native			yes	yes
Mexico	extant	native			yes	yes
Russia	extant	vagrant
Russia (Asian)	extant	vagrant
USA	extant	native		yes	yes	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Canada	Baynes Sound
USA	Northern Montague Island

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Grassland	Tundra	major	breeding
Marine Intertidal	Rocky Shoreline	major	non-breeding
Marine Intertidal	Tidepools	major	non-breeding
Altitude	0 - 600 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Energy production & mining	Oil & gas drilling	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Future		Majority (50-90%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Energy production & mining	Renewable energy	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Future		Majority (50-90%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 3
		Stresses Species disturbance, Ecosystem degradation, Species mortality
Pollution	Garbage & solid waste	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Unknown		No decline		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Species mortality
Pollution	Industrial & military effluents - Oil spills	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		No decline		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Species mortality

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Black Turnstone Arenaria melanocephala. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/black-turnstone-arenaria-melanocephala on 18/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 18/12/2024.