Data Zone
Bird, J.P., Martin, R., Akçakaya, H.R., Gilroy, J., Burfield, I.J., Garnett, S.G., Symes, A., Taylor, J., Şekercioğlu, Ç.H. and Butchart, S.H.M. 2020. Generation lengths of the world’s birds and their implications for extinction risk. Conservation Biology 34(5): 1252-1261.
Biswell, S. 2006. Ferals filmed killing endangered chicks. Forest and Bird 319.
Hawkins, J. & Powlesland, R. 1995. National survey - white-fronted tern and black-billed gull colonies. OSNZNews 75: 3-4.
Heather, B.D.; Robertson, H.A. 1997. The Field Guide to the Birds of New Zealand. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
Higgins, P.J.; Davies, S.J.J.F. 1996. Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds Vol. 3: Snipe to Pigeons. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
IUCN. 2020. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2020-3. Available at: https://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 10 December 2020).
Maloney, R. F. 1999. Bird populations in nine braided rivers of the Upper Waitaki Basin, South Island, New Zealand: changes after 30 years. Notornis 46: 243-256.
McClellan, R. & Smith, D. 2015. Population trends of Black-billed Gulls (Larus bulleri) on South Island rivers 1962-2014. Contract Report no. 3442. Department of Conservation, Invercargill and Christchurch offices.
McClellan, R. K. 2009. The ecology and management of Southland's Black-billed Gulls. University of Otago.
McClellan, R. K., & Habraken, A. 2019. Black-billed gull. Available at: https://www.nzbirdsonline.org.nz.
Mischler, C. 2018. Population status and genetic diversity of the endemic black-billed gull Larus bulleri of New Zealand. University of Otago.
Mischler, C. P. 2018b. Estimating the breeding population of black-billed gulls Larus bulleri in New Zealand, and methods for future count surveys. Notornis 65: 67-83.
Mischler, C., Veale, A., Van Stijn, T., Brauning, R., McEwan, J.C., Maloney, R. & Robertson, B.C., 2018. Population Connectivity and Traces of Mitochondrial Introgression in New Zealand Black-Billed Gulls (Larus bulleri). Genes 9(11): 544.
Powlesland, R. 1998. Gull and tern survey. Ornithological Society of New Zealand News 88: 3-9.
Taylor, G. A. 2000. Action plan for seabird conservation in New Zealand. Department of Conservation, Wellington.
Thierry, A., Dutton, P., & Popenhagen, C. 2016. Waimakariri River Regional Park Black-billed Gull Management 2015-2016 Breeding Season. Environment Canterbury Regional Council.
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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Black-billed Gull Larus bulleri. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/black-billed-gull-larus-bulleri on 22/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/12/2024.