• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2023	Near Threatened	A2c+3c+4c
2016	Near Threatened	A2c+3c+4c
2012	Near Threatened	A2c+3c+4c
2011	Near Threatened	A2c; A3c; A4c
2008	Near Threatened
2004	Near Threatened
2000	Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1994	Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1988	Near Threatened

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	high
Land-mass type	continent	Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	222,000 km2	medium
Area of Occupancy (breeding/resident)	34,000 km2
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	unknown	-	-	-
Population trend	decreasing	poor	suspected	2017-2027
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	20-29%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	20-29%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	20-29%	-	-	-
Generation length	2.41 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	6-100	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	1-89%	-	-	-

Population justification: The global population size or density are not known. The species is described as uncommon to locally common, being more abundant in foothill zones than in the lowlands (Renjifo et al. 2016 and references therein). It may potentially be overlooked due to its inconspicuousness, though it is likely that it is generally rare and local (Fundación ProAves 2011, Renjifo et al. 2016).

Trend justification: While there are no exact data on the population trend, it is suspected that the species is undergoing a decline caused by the loss, degradation and fragmentation of mature forests within its range (Farnsworth and Lebbin 2020). In Panama, it is suspected that 50% of the species' range has been deforested since the 1980s (G. R. Angehr in litt. 2011), while in Colombia, 85% of the original habitat has already been lost (Renjifo et al. 2016). The population in Colombia is suspected to have declined by 30% in the eleven years to 2011 (Fundación ProAves 2011), which equates to a decline of 28% over ten years over that period.
Within its global range, tree cover loss over the last ten years amounts to 7-12% (Global Forest Watch 2023, using Hansen et al. [2013] data and methods disclosed therein). Given the species' strong preference for primary forest, population declines may be steeper than the rate of tree cover loss suggests, due to additional negative impacts of forest degradation and fragmentation. It is therefore here tentatively suspected that the population is declining at a rate of 20-29% over ten years.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Colombia	extant	native	yes
Panama	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Colombia	Zona deltáica-estuarina del Río Sinú
Panama	Darién National Park

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Altitude	0 - 600 m	Occasional altitudinal limits	(max) 700 m

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Livestock farming & ranching - Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Wood & pulp plantations - Agro-industry plantations	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Energy production & mining	Mining & quarrying	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Black-billed Flycatcher Aphanotriccus audax. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/black-billed-flycatcher-aphanotriccus-audax on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.