VU
Black-banded Plover Charadrius thoracicus



Taxonomy

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

IUCN Red List criteria met and history
Red List criteria met
Critically Endangered Endangered Vulnerable
- - C2a(i)

Red List history
Year Category Criteria
2023 Vulnerable C2a(i)
2016 Vulnerable C2a(i)
2012 Vulnerable C2a(i)
2008 Vulnerable C2a(i)
2006 Vulnerable
2004 Vulnerable
2000 Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1996 Vulnerable
1994 Vulnerable
1988 Threatened
Species attributes

Migratory status not a migrant Forest dependency low
Land-mass type shelf island
Average mass -
Range

Estimate Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) 352,000 km2 medium
Severely fragmented? no -
Population
Estimate Data quality Derivation Year of estimate
Population size 1800-2300 mature individuals medium estimated 2007
Population trend decreasing poor inferred -
Generation length 3.59 years - - -
Number of subpopulations 2 - - -
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation 1-89% - - -

Population justification: Surveys confirmed the presence of 15 breeding sites across Madagascar, including Tsimanampesotse National Park, where 60-100 pairs bred at each year between 2005 and 2007 (S. Zefania, T. Szekely and P. Long in litt. 2007), and 24 nests in Marambitsy Bay between 2002-2005 (Zefania et al. 2008), although no birds were recorded at this site in 2022 (R. Rabarisoa in litt. 2023). Data collected between 2009 and 2023 have shown an average of 50-100 pairs per year at Andavadoaka (S. Zefania in litt. 2023). Individuals have also been recorded in the Tsiribihina estuary and in the mudflats at Bemoramba in Maintiramo (ZICOMA 1998). More recently, between 2006 and 2017, the population in the Mahavavy Delta decreased from 74 to 64 individuals, and from 281 to 28 individuals in the Mangoky River estuary between 2009 and 2020 (Rabarisoa in litt. 2023). 

The species' total population was estimated to number 750-6,000 individuals (F. Hawkins in litt. to Wetlands International 2002), however this was not based on systematic surveys (T. Dodman in litt. 2006). The population was then estimated at 3,100 ± 396 (SE) individuals (Long et al. 2008) through the modelling of observed densities at suitable sites across an estimate of the total area of habitat above a defined suitability threshold (Zefania et al. 2005, Long et al. 2006). The standard error range is rounded to the nearest 100 and used as the population range estimate: 2,700-3,500 individuals, roughly equivalent to 1,800-2,300 mature individuals. However, as the species has been experiencing an ongoing decline, the population is now likely to be lower than the estimate made in 2007.

Trend justification: In Andavadoaka, this species exhibits low productivity and inflexible breeding behaviour (S. Zefania et al. in litt. 2007), with reduced breeding success being due to high levels of predation, which could be driving local declines (S. Zefania in litt. 2023). It is suspected that these threats could cause overall declines in the species' population in the future, which may already be declining (S. Zefania in litt. 2023), however, more fieldwork in needed to confirm these suspicions. In other sites, such as the Mahavavy Delta, Marambitsy Bay and the Mangoky River estuary, regular species counts are demonstrating a decline in the population size (R. Rabarisoa in litt. 2023): in the Mahavavy Delta, the population decreased from 74 to 64 individuals between 2006 and 2017; in the Mangoky River estuary the population declined from from 281 to 28 individuals between 2009 and 2020 (R. Rabarisoa in litt. 2023), and 24 nests were counted in Marambitsy Bay between 2002-2005 (Zefania et al. 2008), and 64 individuals were recorded in 2021, but no birds were recorded at this site in 2022 (R. Rabarisoa in litt. 2023). There is no data suggesting compensatory increases in population elsewhere (which could otherwise indicate movement of the species to other sites), although there is insufficient data to quantify the rate of decline. The species is therefore considered to be experiencing a continuing decline.


Country/territory distribution
Country/Territory Presence Origin Resident Breeding visitor Non-breeding visitor Passage migrant
Madagascar extant native yes

Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBA)
Country/Territory IBA Name
Madagascar Baly Bay National Park
Madagascar Bemamba Wetland Complex
Madagascar Lake Ihotry - Mangoky Delta Complex NPA
Madagascar Manambolomaty wetland complex and Tsimembo Classified Forest
Madagascar Nosy Manitse Future SAPM Marine and surrounding wetlands
Madagascar Tambohorano Wetland NPA
Madagascar Tsimanampetsotsa National Park
Madagascar Wetlands of the Tsiribihina delta and upper Tsiribihina river

Habitats & altitude
Habitat (level 1) Habitat (level 2) Importance Occurrence
Forest Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Vegetation Above High Tide Level suitable resident
Grassland Subtropical/Tropical Dry major breeding
Marine Coastal/Supratidal Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes major resident
Marine Coastal/Supratidal Coastal Sand Dunes suitable resident
Marine Intertidal Mud Flats and Salt Flats major resident
Marine Intertidal Salt Marshes (Emergent Grasses) suitable resident
Marine Intertidal Sandy Shoreline and/or Beaches, Sand Bars, Spits, Etc suitable non-breeding
Altitude 0 - 28 m Occasional altitudinal limits  

Threats & impact
Threat (level 1) Threat (level 2) Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture Livestock farming & ranching - Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Unknown Unknown
Stresses
Species disturbance, Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality
Agriculture & aquaculture Marine & freshwater aquaculture - Subsistence/artisinal aquaculture Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Slow, Significant Declines Low Impact: 5
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Negligible declines Low Impact: 4
Stresses
Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Unspecified species Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Unknown Slow, Significant Declines Unknown
Stresses
Species disturbance, Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases Problematic native species/diseases Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Unknown Unknown Unknown
Stresses
Competition
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases Problematic native species/diseases - Unspecified species Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Majority (50-90%) Slow, Significant Declines Medium Impact: 6
Stresses
Species disturbance, Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality

Utilisation
Purpose Scale
Food - human subsistence, national
Sport hunting/specimen collecting subsistence, national

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Black-banded Plover Charadrius thoracicus. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/black-banded-plover-charadrius-thoracicus on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.