• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2021	Least Concern
2018	Near Threatened	C1
2016	Near Threatened	C1
2012	Near Threatened	C1
2008	Near Threatened	C1
2004	Near Threatened
2000	Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1994	Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	medium
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	146,000 km2	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	2500-9999 mature individuals	poor	estimated	2018
Population trend	decreasing	poor	inferred	2017-2027
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-10%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-10%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-10%	-	-	-
Generation length	3.2 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	2-4	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	1-89%	-	-	-

Population justification: It is, and appears always to have been, a rare species but it is unobtrusive and may have been overlooked (Davis et al. 2018). During surveys at 239 census stations on New Britain in 1998-1999, the species was recorded only once (Marsden and Pilgrim 2003). Buchanan et al. (2008) placed the population size at >10,000 - 15,000 individuals, based on the area of remaining suitable habitat in the species's altitudinal range (7,454 km²). Davis et al. (2018) recorded few individuals during surveys and tentatively re-estimated the population size at 2,500-10,000 mature individuals, placed here in the band 2,500-9,999 mature individuals. New Britain holds around 80% of the tree cover in the species's range, so the New Britain subpopulation may have c.2,000-8,000 mature individuals.

Trend justification: The species is inferred to be declining due to ongoing forest loss (Global Forest Watch 2021). Between 1989-2000, Buchanan et al. (2008) calculated the rate of forest loss within the species's altitudinal range on New Britain as 18.2% over ten years, although they acknowledged that forest loss was likely to have been slower elsewhere in the Bismarck archipelago. However, the rate of forest loss has since slowed (Davis et al. 2018). Between 2010-2020, the rate of forest loss across the range was 6.6% (Global Forest Watch 2021). During the years 2017-2020, the rate of forest loss was 2.3% (Global Forest Watch 2021), which when projected forwards over ten years, equates to a loss of 5.6%. The species occurs in forest and as such, its population size is inferred to be declining as forest is lost, although it appears to have some tolerance of degraded and secondary forests and has been recorded in gardens and plantations (Leavesley and Leavesley 2000), so its rate of decline may be slower than the rate of forest loss. The rate of population decline is therefore suspected to fall in the range of 1-10% over ten years.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Papua New Guinea	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Plantations	suitable	resident
Artificial/Terrestrial	Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	suitable	resident
Altitude	0 - 500 m	Occasional altitudinal limits	(max) 900 m

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Bismarck Hanging-parrot Loriculus tener. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/bismarck-hanging-parrot-loriculus-tener on 28/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 28/12/2024.