• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic note
Crax fasciolata and C. pinima (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. fasciolata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	A3cd+4cd

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2021	Vulnerable	A3cd+4cd
2016	Vulnerable	A4c
2014	Vulnerable	A4c
2012	Not Recognised
2008	Not Recognised
2004	Not Recognised
2000	Not Recognised
1994	Not Recognised
1988	Not Recognised

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	high
Land-mass type		Average mass	2,600 g

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	4,410,000 km2	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	unknown	-	-	-
Population trend	decreasing	-	inferred	2016-2042
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	20-29%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	30-39%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	30-39%	-	-	-
Generation length	8.55 years	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	1-89%	-	-	-

Population justification: The global population size has not been quantified. In Brazil, the species is locally common (as in the northern Pantanal and Serra dos Carajás), but it is now rare and local in São Paulo State (Gomes et al. 2018). Surveys in the Brazilian Pantanal (where little hunting occurs) in 2002-2004 estimated a population density of 4.66 individuals/km² in a forest landscape, 0.43 individuals/km² in a floodplain landscape, and 2.90 individuals/km² in a cerrado landscape, with an average density of 3.67 individuals/km² across the whole study area (Desbiez and São Bernardo 2011). In Paraguay, the species was still relatively numerous in 1999 in northern Concepción Department, where a density of 4 individuals/km² was estimated in gallery forest along the Río Apa (Clay 2001). A study in 2010-2012 in the gallery forests of the Pilagá River in Formosa, Argentina, detected individuals at encounter rates of 4.6 records per 10 km of terrestrial transect and 1.3 records per 10 km of river transect (Fernandez-Duque et al. 2013). Surveys in the same region in 2016 found that the species is rare within 7 km from human habitation (Zalazar et al. 2018). In Bolivia, the species was previously considered to be fairly common (del Hoyo and Motis 2004), but more recently it was said to be rare to uncommon (Herzog et al. 2016).

Trend justification: Remote sensing data on forest loss within the species's mapped range indicate that approximately 16% of tree cover with at least 50% canopy cover was lost from within the species's range from 2000-2019 (Global Forest Watch 2021). Extrapolating over three generations (25.7 years), it is estimated that 21% of forest was lost within the species's range. Over four years from 2016-2019, approximately 4.7% of tree cover with at least 50% canopy cover was lost from within the species's range (Global Forest Watch 2021). Assuming this rate remains constant, it is projected that up to 30% of forest will be lost from the species's range over three generations from 2016, and up to 32% will be lost over three generations from 2021.

The species is affected by hunting as well as by habitat loss. It has disappeared from parts of its range as a result of hunting (Berkunsky and Di Giacomo 2015), and research in Argentina suggests that current hunting levels are unsustainable (Anon. 2018).

Combining the impacts of forest loss and hunting, the population size is suspected to have undergone a reduction of 20-29% over the past three generations. It is suspected to undergo a reduction of 30-39% over three generations from 2016, and over three generations from 2021.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Argentina	extant	native	yes
Bolivia	extant	native	yes
Brazil	extant	native	yes
Paraguay	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Brazil	Serra da Canastra

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	marginal	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Savanna	Dry	marginal	resident
Altitude	0 - 500 m	Occasional altitudinal limits	(max) 900 m

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Livestock farming & ranching - Agro-industry grazing, ranching or farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Species disturbance, Species mortality
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Energy production & mining	Renewable energy	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Past, Likely to Return		Minority (<50%)		Rapid Declines		Past Impact
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Purpose	Scale
Food - human	subsistence, national
Pets/display animals, horticulture	subsistence, national

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Bare-faced Curassow Crax fasciolata. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/bare-faced-curassow-crax-fasciolata on 22/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/11/2024.