• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic note
Pyrrhura picta, P. snethlageae, P. parvifrons, P. amazonum, P. lucianii, P. roseifrons, P. peruviana, P. subandina, P. caeruleiceps and P. eisenmanni (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. picta following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	D1

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2022	Vulnerable	D1
2016	Endangered	C2a(ii)
2014	Endangered	C2a(ii)
2012	Not Recognised
2008	Not Recognised
2004	Not Recognised
2000	Not Recognised
1994	Not Recognised
1988	Not Recognised

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	medium
Land-mass type		Average mass	62 g

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	1,800 km2	medium
Area of Occupancy (breeding/resident)	1,780 km2
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	750-6000 mature individuals	poor	estimated	2021
Population trend	decreasing	-	suspected	2016-2026
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-9%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-9%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-9%	-	-	-
Generation length	2.8 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	1	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	100%	-	-	-

Population justification: The species is described as locally common up to 1,660 m in its very small range (Juniper and Parr 1998, Forshaw 2006, Montañez and Angehr 2007, Forshaw 2010). Assuming that Pyrrhura eisenmanni occurs at the same density as P. picta (with which it was considered conspecific until 2014), i.e. 1-8 mature individuals per km² (Santini et al. 2018), and that 50% of the range is occupied, the global population is estimated at 750-6,000 mature individuals.

Trend justification: The species is suspected to be in slow decline owing to habitat loss and fragmentation. Additionally, there may be low pressure from trapping for trade, but it is unclear how this is impacting the population size. Tree cover loss within the range is currently estimated at 3% across ten years (Global Forest Watch 2021, using Hansen et al. [2013] data and methods disclosed therein); however, large parts of the range are thought to be secure in Cerro Hoyo National Park (Collar et al. 2020). Assuming that forest loss is continuing at this rate and that population declines are roughly equivalent to the rate of forest loss, the species may be declining at <10% over ten years.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Panama	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Swamp	suitable	resident
Savanna	Dry	suitable	resident
Altitude	100 - 2000 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Livestock farming & ranching - Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Species mortality
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Causing/Could cause fluctuations		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Purpose	Scale
Pets/display animals, horticulture	subsistence, national

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Azuero Parakeet Pyrrhura eisenmanni. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/azuero-parakeet-pyrrhura-eisenmanni on 28/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 28/11/2024.