VU
Auckland Island Rail Lewinia muelleri



Taxonomy

Taxonomic note
Sometimes placed in genus Dryolimnas. Closely related to L. mirifica and L. pectoralis; on occasion regarded as subspecies of L. pectoralis, but differs in its much smaller wing (score estimated at 3); much reduced streaking on crown and hindneck (2); upperparts with sparser, narrower streaking (1); barring on upperwing-coverts reduced (1). Monotypic.

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

IUCN Red List criteria met and history
Red List criteria met
Critically Endangered Endangered Vulnerable
- - D2

Red List history
Year Category Criteria
2022 Vulnerable D2
2016 Vulnerable D2
2012 Vulnerable D2
2008 Vulnerable D2
2006 Vulnerable
2004 Vulnerable
2000 Vulnerable
1996 Vulnerable
1994 Vulnerable
1988 Lower Risk/Least Concern
Species attributes

Migratory status not a migrant Forest dependency low
Land-mass type Average mass 93 g
Range

Estimate Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) 360 km2 medium
Area of Occupancy (breeding/resident) 46 km2 good
Number of locations 2 -
Severely fragmented? no -
Population
Estimate Data quality Derivation Year of estimate
Population size 2000 mature individuals medium estimated 2020
Population trend stable poor suspected -
Generation length 4.21 years - - -
Number of subpopulations 2 - - -
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation 1-89% - - -

Population justification: It is thought that there were over 500 mature individuals on Disappointment Island in 1993 (Walker et al. 2020), and the species was recorded on 46% of complete bird lists between 1972 and 2018 (Miskelly et al. 2020), indicating that within its very limited range on the island it is common. On Adams Island, where suitable habitat may cover as little as 10% of the island (Elliott et al. 1991), the population was estimated at approximately 1,500 mature individuals by Heather and Robertson (1997), recorded on 27% of complete bird lists between 1972 and 2018 (Miskelly et al. 2020). The population is currently thought to be stable (Robertson et al. 2021), and with no recent survey data to indicate a decline or increase in population size since these estimates were made, the population is estimated to number c.2,000 mature individuals.

Trend justification: There are no new data on population trends; however, the species is suspected to have remained stable within the last three generations (Robertson et al. 2013, 2017, 2021).


Country/territory distribution
Country/Territory Presence Origin Resident Breeding visitor Non-breeding visitor Passage migrant
New Zealand extant native yes

Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBA)
Country/Territory IBA Name
New Zealand Adams Island
New Zealand Disappointment Island

Habitats & altitude
Habitat (level 1) Habitat (level 2) Importance Occurrence
Forest Subantarctic major resident
Grassland Subantarctic major resident
Altitude 0 - 300 m Occasional altitudinal limits  

Threats & impact
Threat (level 1) Threat (level 2) Impact and Stresses
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Felis catus Timing Scope Severity Impact
Future Majority (50-90%) Rapid Declines Low Impact: 5
Stresses
Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Mus musculus Timing Scope Severity Impact
Future Majority (50-90%) Rapid Declines Low Impact: 5
Stresses
Reduced reproductive success
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Sus domesticus Timing Scope Severity Impact
Future Majority (50-90%) Rapid Declines Low Impact: 5
Stresses
Species disturbance, Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion, Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases Problematic native species/diseases - Falco novaeseelandiae Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Negligible declines Low Impact: 4
Stresses
Species mortality

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Auckland Island Rail Lewinia muelleri. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/auckland-island-rail-lewinia-muelleri on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.