VU
Appert's Tetraka Xanthomixis apperti



Taxonomy

Taxonomic note

Xanthomixis apperti (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Bernieria apperti.

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

IUCN Red List criteria met and history
Red List criteria met
Critically Endangered Endangered Vulnerable
- - A2c; D1

Red List history
Year Category Criteria
2022 Vulnerable A2c
2016 Vulnerable D1+2
2012 Vulnerable D2
2008 Vulnerable D2
2004 Vulnerable
2000 Vulnerable
1996 Vulnerable
1994 Vulnerable
1988 Threatened
Species attributes

Migratory status not a migrant Forest dependency high
Land-mass type shelf island
Average mass -
Range

Estimate Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) 6,100 km2 medium
Area of Occupancy (breeding/resident) 1,960 km2
Number of locations 11-100 -
Population
Estimate Data quality Derivation Year of estimate
Population size 600-1700 mature individuals poor suspected 1999
Population trend decreasing medium suspected 2016-2026
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) 30-35% - - -
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) 10-19% - - -
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) 10-19% - - -
Generation length 2.61 years - - -
Number of subpopulations 1 - - -
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation 100% - - -

Population justification: The population size has not been quantified. The species is highly localised, but during surveys of Zombitse-Vohibasia National Park in 1996 it was considered locally common at Ambiamena and Andranamaitso and rare in Vohibasia Forest (Mustoe et al. 2000). It was not recorded during extensive ornithological surveys of the northern part of the Mikea Forest (Raherilalao et al. 2004), but may prove to be more widespread than currently thought. Therefore, the population is preliminarily suspected to fall into the band 1,000-2,499 individuals. This equates to 667-1,666 mature individuals, rounded here to 600-1,700 mature individuals.

Trend justification: The speciess population has previously been suspected to be stable owing to the cessation of forest clearance in the Zombitse-Vohibasia National Park in 1994 (ZICOMA 1999) and the species' apparent resistance to very low levels of forest degradation, at least (Mustoe et al. 2000). Tree cover loss within the extant range has previously been as high as 32% in the past ten years, although has slowed to a current estimate of 10% (Global Forest Watch 2021, using Hansen et al. [2013] data and methods disclosed therein). Given its high forest-dependency and its susceptibility to fragmentation and edge effects, future population declines are likely faster than the rate of tree cover loss suggests, and are therefore here tentatively placed in the band 10-19% over the next ten years.


Country/territory distribution
Country/Territory Presence Origin Resident Breeding visitor Non-breeding visitor Passage migrant
Madagascar extant native yes

Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBA)
Country/Territory IBA Name
Madagascar Analavelona NPA
Madagascar Zombitse-Vohibasia National Park and extension

Habitats & altitude
Habitat (level 1) Habitat (level 2) Importance Occurrence
Forest Subtropical/Tropical Dry major resident
Altitude 600 - 1300 m Occasional altitudinal limits (min) 0 m

Threats & impact
Threat (level 1) Threat (level 2) Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming Timing Scope Severity Impact
Past, Likely to Return Majority (50-90%) Slow, Significant Declines Past Impact
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture Livestock farming & ranching - Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) No decline Low Impact: 4
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation
Biological resource use Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest] Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Majority (50-90%) Slow, Significant Declines Medium Impact: 6
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Climate change & severe weather Habitat shifting & alteration Timing Scope Severity Impact
Future Whole (>90%) Unknown Unknown
Stresses
Indirect ecosystem effects, Ecosystem degradation

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Appert's Tetraka Xanthomixis apperti. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/apperts-tetraka-xanthomixis-apperti on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.