Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
---|---|---|
- | - | C2a(i) |
Year | Category | Criteria |
---|---|---|
2020 | Vulnerable | C2a(i) |
2017 | Vulnerable | C2a(i) |
2016 | Near Threatened | B1ab(ii,iii);C1+2a(i) |
2012 | Near Threatened | B1ab(ii,iii);C1+2a(i) |
2008 | Near Threatened | B1a+b(i,ii,iii,iv,v); C1; C2a(ii) |
2004 | Near Threatened | |
2000 | Lower Risk/Near Threatened | |
1994 | Lower Risk/Near Threatened | |
1988 | Threatened |
Migratory status | not a migrant | Forest dependency | medium |
Land-mass type | Average mass | - |
Estimate | Data quality | |
---|---|---|
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 20,000 km2 | medium |
Severely fragmented? | no | - |
Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Population size | 1000-4000 mature individuals | medium | estimated | 2016 |
Population trend | decreasing | poor | inferred | 2012-2036 |
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 1-19% | - | - | - |
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 1-19% | - | - | - |
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 1-19% | - | - | - |
Generation length | 8 years | - | - | - |
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation | 1-89% | - | - | - |
Population justification: Although considered quite common in its optimal habitat, the overall population size may in fact be quite small. A total of 62 individuals were recorded on 25 of 45 islands with a total area 3,700 km2 surveyed in 1993-94 (Davidar et al. 1996). Therefore, its density has been considered to be not more than 1 or 2 individuals per km2 (P. Davidar in litt. 2016) with the total number of mature individuals considered to be 4,000 or less (P. Davidar in litt. 2016). Therefore, the population size is placed here in the range 1,000-4,000 mature individuals.
Trend justification: There are no data on population trends; however; the species is suspected to be declining at a slow to moderate rate, owing to habitat degradation and hunting.
Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
India | extant | native | yes |
Country/Territory | IBA Name |
---|---|
India | Austin Strait |
India | Barangtang - Rafters Creek |
India | Chainpur and Hanspuri |
India | Interview Island Wildlife Sanctuary |
India | Jarawa Reserve (Middle Andaman and South Andaman) |
India | Kadakachang (Katakatchang) |
India | Landfall Island Wildlife Sanctuary |
India | Little Andaman |
India | Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park (Wandoor National Park) |
India | Mount Diavalo and Cuthbert Bay |
India | Mount Harriet National Park |
India | North and South Sentinel |
India | North Reef Island Wildlife Sanctuary |
India | Rani Jhansi Marine National Park |
India | Saddle Peak National Park |
Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
---|---|---|---|
Artificial/Terrestrial | Arable Land | marginal | resident |
Artificial/Terrestrial | Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest | marginal | resident |
Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Vegetation Above High Tide Level | suitable | resident |
Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland | major | resident |
Altitude | 0 - 700 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Whole (>90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 7 | ||||||
|
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Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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Agriculture & aquaculture | Livestock farming & ranching - Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Whole (>90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 7 | ||||||
|
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Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
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Biological resource use | Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest] | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Whole (>90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 7 | ||||||
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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Andaman Serpent-eagle Spilornis elgini. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/andaman-serpent-eagle-spilornis-elgini on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.