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The site was identified as important in 2001 because it was regularly supporting significant populations of the species listed below, meeting ('triggering') IBA criteria.

Populations meeting IBA criteria ('trigger species') at the site:

Species	Red List1	Season	Year(s)	Size	IBA criteria
Spotted Imperial-pigeon Ducula carola	VU	resident	1992	present	A1
Flame-breasted Fruit-dove Ramphiculus marchei	VU	resident	1992	present	A1, A2
Furtive Flycatcher Ficedula disposita	LC	resident	1992	present	A2
Green-faced Parrotfinch Erythrura viridifacies	VU	resident	1992	present	A1, A2
White-cheeked Bullfinch Pyrrhula leucogenis	LC	resident	1992	present	A2

1. The current IUCN Red List category. The category at the time of the IBA criteria assessment (2001) may differ.

Ideally the conservation status of the IBA will have been checked regularly since the site was first identified in 2001. The most recent assessment (2018) is shown below.

State (condition of the trigger species' habitats)
Habitat	Quantity (% remaining)	Quality (% carrying capacity)	Result
Forest	-	poor (40-69%)	very unfavourable

Pressure (threats to the trigger species and/or their habitats)
Threat	Timing	Scope	Severity	Result
Energy production and mining	happening now	majority/most of area/population (50-90%)	very rapid to severe deterioration	very high
Transportation and service corridors	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	very rapid to severe deterioration	high
Invasive and other problematic species and genes	likely in short term (within 4 years)	majority/most of area/population (50-90%)	moderate to rapid deterioration	high
Agricultural expansion and intensification	happening now	majority/most of area/population (50-90%)	moderate to rapid deterioration	high
Biological resource use	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	slow but significant deterioration	medium

Response (conservation actions taken for the trigger species and/or their habitats)
Protected areas	Management plan	Other action	Result
Some of site covered (10-49%)	A management plan exists but it is out of date or not comprehensive	Substantive conservation measures are being implemented but these are not comprehensive and are limited by resources and capacity	low

Year	Protected Area	Designation	% overlap with IBA
2004	Manleluag Spring	Protected Landscape	<1

Habitat1	Habitat detail	% of IBA
Forest		major (>10)
Artificial/Terrestrial		minor (<10)

1. IUCN Habitat classification.

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Important Bird Area factsheet: Zambales mountains (Philippines). Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/zambales-mountains-iba-philippines on 22/11/2024.