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The site was identified as internationally important for bird conservation in 2011 because it was regularly supporting significant populations of the species listed below, meeting ('triggering') IBA criteria.

Populations meeting IBA criteria ('trigger species') at the site:

Species	Red List	Season (year/s of estimate)	Size	IBA criteria
Little Bustard Tetrax tetrax	NT	resident (2005)	min 500 birds	A1, C1
Great Bustard Otis tarda	EN	resident (2003)	min 30 birds	A1, C1
Black Stork Ciconia nigra	LC	passage (2003)	min 80 birds	B1i, C2
Black Stork Ciconia nigra	LC	breeding (2010)	min 6 pairs	B1i, C2
Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis	LC	breeding (2004)	min 6,700 pairs	A4i, B1i, C3
Eurasian Eagle-owl Bubo bubo	LC	resident (2003)	min 25 pairs	B2, C6
Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus	EN	breeding (2008)	min 28 pairs	A1, B2, C1, C2, C6
Griffon Vulture Gyps fulvus	LC	resident (2008)	min 149 pairs	C2, C6
Cinereous Vulture Aegypius monachus	NT	resident (2006)	336 pairs	A1, A4ii, B1iii, B2, C1, C2, C6
Spanish Imperial Eagle Aquila adalberti	VU	resident (2006)	min 24 pairs	A1, B2, C1, C2, C6
Bonelli's Eagle Aquila fasciata	LC	resident (2005)	min 8 pairs	B2, C2, C6
Booted Eagle Hieraaetus pennatus	LC	breeding (2003)	min 17 pairs	C2, C6
Red Kite Milvus milvus	LC	winter (2005)	min 600 birds	A1, A4ii, B1iii, C1, C2
Red Kite Milvus milvus	LC	resident (2005)	55–75 pairs	A1, B2, C1, C2
Black Kite Milvus migrans	LC	breeding (2003)	min 50 pairs	C6
Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni	LC	breeding (2002)	110–135 pairs	B2, C2

Ideally the conservation status of the IBA will have been checked regularly since the site was first identified in 2011. The most recent assessment (2008) is shown below.

State (condition of the trigger species' populations)
Species	Actual vs Reference (units)	% remaining	Result
Great Bustard Otis tarda	150 / 150 (birds)	100	good
Black Stork Ciconia nigra	9 / 9 (pairs)	100	good
Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis	1,100 / 1,100 (pairs)	100	good
Eurasian Eagle-owl Bubo bubo	25 / 25 (pairs)	100	good
Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus	21 / 21 (pairs)	100	good
Griffon Vulture Gyps fulvus	40 / 40 (pairs)	100	good
Cinereous Vulture Aegypius monachus	168 / 168 (pairs)	100	good
Spanish Imperial Eagle Aquila adalberti	20 / 20 (pairs)	100	good
Bonelli's Eagle Aquila fasciata	10 / 10 (pairs)	100	good
Booted Eagle Hieraaetus pennatus	50 / 50 (pairs)	100	good
Milvus migrans	100 / 100 (pairs)	100	good
Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni	50 / 50 (pairs)	100	good

Pressure (threats to the trigger species and/or their habitats)
Threat	Timing	Scope	Severity	Result
Biological resource use	happe­ning now	most of popul­ation/area (50–90%)	rapid decline (>30% over 3 gener­ations)	very high
Climate change and severe weather	happe­ning now	whole of popul­ation/area (>90%)	slow decline (1–10% over 3 gener­ations)	high
Pollution	happe­ning now	most of popul­ation/area (50–90%)	moderate decline (10–30% over 3 gener­ations)	high
Human intrusions and disturbance	happe­ning now	most of popul­ation/area (50–90%)	slow decline (1–10% over 3 gener­ations)	high
Invasive and other problematic species and genes	happe­ning now	most of popul­ation/area (50–90%)	slow decline (1–10% over 3 gener­ations)	high
Agricultural expansion and intensification	happe­ning now	some of popul­ation/area (10–49%)	rapid decline (>30% over 3 gener­ations)	high
Transportation and service corridors	happe­ning now	some of popul­ation/area (10–49%)	moderate decline (10–30% over 3 gener­ations)	high
Natural system modifications	happe­ning now	few indivi­duals/small area (<10%)	slow decline (1–10% over 3 gener­ations)	low
Energy production and mining	happe­ning now	few indivi­duals/small area (<10%)	no or slight decline (<1% over 3 gener­ations)	low

Response (conservation actions taken for the trigger species and/or their habitats)
Designation	Planning	Action	Result
Most of area (50–90%) covered (including the most critical parts for important bird species)	A management plan exists, but it is out of date or not compre­hensive	Substantive conservation measures are being implemented, but these are not compre­hensive and are limited by resources and capacity	medium

Year	Protected Area	Designation (management category)	% coverage of IBA
1998	Sierra de San Pedro	Zona de Interes Regional (IV)	36
2006	Parque Natural Tajo Internacional	Parque Natural (Ia)	<1

The Local Conservation Group(s) listed below are working to conserve this IBA.

Name	Year formed
ADENEX	0
CES	0
FUNDACIÓN CB HABITAT (MMA)	0
MUNDOBRIGA	0

For more information on BirdLife's work with Local Conservation Groups, please visit Spotlight on local empowerment.

Habitat	% of IBA	Habitat detail
Artificial/Terrestrial	-	Perennial crops, orchards and groves; Forestry plantations
Forest	-	Broadleaved evergreen woodland
Rocky areas (eg. inland cliffs, mountain peaks)	-	Inland cliffs
Shrubland	-
Wetlands (inland)	-	Standing brackish and salt water; Rivers and streams

Land use	% of IBA
agriculture	-
hunting	-
other	-

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Important Bird Area factsheet: San Pedro mountain range (Spain). Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/san-pedro-mountain-range-iba-spain on 22/12/2024.