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The site was identified as important in 2011 because it was regularly supporting significant populations of the species listed below, meeting ('triggering') IBA criteria.

Populations meeting IBA criteria ('trigger species') at the site:

Species	Red List1	Season	Year(s)	Size	IBA criteria
Little Bustard Tetrax tetrax	NT	resident	2005	min 500 individuals	A1, C1
Great Bustard Otis tarda	EN	resident	2003	min 30 individuals	A1, C1
Black Stork Ciconia nigra	LC	passage	2003	min 80 individuals	B1i, C2
Black Stork Ciconia nigra	LC	breeding	2010	min 6 breeding pairs	B1i, C2
Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis	LC	breeding	2004	min 6,700 breeding pairs	A4i, B1i, C3
Eurasian Eagle-owl Bubo bubo	LC	resident	2003	min 25 breeding pairs	B2, C6
Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus	EN	breeding	2008	min 28 breeding pairs	A1, B2, C1, C2, C6
Griffon Vulture Gyps fulvus	LC	resident	2008	min 149 breeding pairs	C2, C6
Cinereous Vulture Aegypius monachus	NT	resident	2006	336 breeding pairs	A1, A4ii, B1iii, B2, C1, C2, C6
Spanish Imperial Eagle Aquila adalberti	VU	resident	2006	min 24 breeding pairs	A1, B2, C1, C2, C6
Bonelli's Eagle Aquila fasciata	LC	resident	2005	min 8 breeding pairs	B2, C2, C6
Booted Eagle Hieraaetus pennatus	LC	breeding	2003	min 17 breeding pairs	C2, C6
Red Kite Milvus milvus	LC	winter	2005	min 600 individuals	A1, A4ii, B1iii, C1, C2
Red Kite Milvus milvus	LC	resident	2005	55-75 breeding pairs	A1, B2, C1, C2
Black Kite Milvus migrans	LC	breeding	2003	min 50 breeding pairs	C6
Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni	LC	breeding	2002	110-135 breeding pairs	B2, C2

1. The current IUCN Red List category. The category at the time of the IBA criteria assessment (2011) may differ.

Ideally the conservation status of the IBA will have been checked regularly since the site was first identified in 2011. The most recent assessment (2008) is shown below.

State (condition of the trigger species' populations)
Species	Reference	Actual	Units	% remaining	Result
Great Bustard Otis tarda	150	150	individuals	100	favourable
Black Stork Ciconia nigra	9	9	breeding pairs	100	favourable
Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis	1,100	1,100	breeding pairs	100	favourable
Eurasian Eagle-owl Bubo bubo	25	25	breeding pairs	100	favourable
Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus	21	21	breeding pairs	100	favourable
Griffon Vulture Gyps fulvus	40	40	breeding pairs	100	favourable
Cinereous Vulture Aegypius monachus	168	168	breeding pairs	100	favourable
Spanish Imperial Eagle Aquila adalberti	20	20	breeding pairs	100	favourable
Bonelli's Eagle Aquila fasciata	10	10	breeding pairs	100	favourable
Booted Eagle Hieraaetus pennatus	50	50	breeding pairs	100	favourable
Milvus migrans	100	100	breeding pairs	100	favourable
Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni	50	50	breeding pairs	100	favourable

Pressure (threats to the trigger species and/or their habitats)
Threat	Timing	Scope	Severity	Result
Biological resource use	happening now	majority/most of area/population (50-90%)	very rapid to severe deterioration	very high
Natural system modifications	happening now	majority/most of area/population (50-90%)	very rapid to severe deterioration	very high
Agricultural expansion and intensification	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	very rapid to severe deterioration	high
Transportation and service corridors	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	moderate to rapid deterioration	high
Pollution	happening now	majority/most of area/population (50-90%)	moderate to rapid deterioration	high
Human intrusions and disturbance	happening now	majority/most of area/population (50-90%)	slow but significant deterioration	high
Climate change and severe weather	likely in short term (within 4 years)	whole area/population (>90%)	slow but significant deterioration	high
Invasive and other problematic species and genes	happening now	majority/most of area/population (50-90%)	slow but significant deterioration	high
Energy production and mining	happening now	small area/few individuals (<10%)	no or imperceptible deterioration	low

Response (conservation actions taken for the trigger species and/or their habitats)
Protected areas	Management plan	Other action	Result
Most of site (50-90%) covered (including the most critical parts for important bird species)	A management plan exists but it is out of date or not comprehensive	Substantive conservation measures are being implemented but these are not comprehensive and are limited by resources and capacity	medium

Year	Protected Area	Designation	% overlap with IBA
1990	Sierra de San Pedro	Special Protection Area (Birds Directive)	36
1997	Sierra de San Pedro	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	36
1997	Río Gevora Alto	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	1
1997	Rivera de los Molinos y la Torre	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	<1
1997	Río Salor	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	<1
1998	Sierra de San Pedro	Zona de Interes Regional	36
1999	Corredor del Lacara	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	<1
1999	Regato Guadalto	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	<1
2000	Rivera de Aurela	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	<1
2000	Rivera de Membrio	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	<1
2000	Riveras de Carbajo y Calatrucha	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	<1
2003	Río Tajo Internacional y Riberos	Special Protection Area (Birds Directive)	1
2004	Nacimiento del Río Gevora	Special Protection Area (Birds Directive)	6
2004	Embalse de Horno-Tejero	Special Protection Area (Birds Directive)	<1
2004	Colonias de Cernícalo Primilla de Alburquerque	Special Protection Area (Birds Directive)	<1
2004	Colonias de Cernícalo Primilla de San Vicente de Alcántara	Special Protection Area (Birds Directive)	<1
2006	Parque Natural Tajo Internacional	Parque Natural	<1
2014	Alcornoque El Abuelo	Árbol Singular	-

The Local Conservation Group(s) listed below are working to conserve this IBA.

Name	Year formed
ADENEX	0
CES	0
FUNDACIÓN CB HABITAT (MMA)	0
MUNDOBRIGA	0

For more information on BirdLife's work with Local Conservation Groups, please click here.

Habitat1	Habitat detail	% of IBA
Artificial/Terrestrial	Perennial crops, orchards and groves, Forestry plantations	-
Forest	Broadleaved evergreen woodland	-
Rocky areas (eg. inland cliffs, mountain peaks)	Inland cliffs	-
Shrubland		-
Wetlands (inland)	Standing brackish and salt water, Rivers and streams	-

1. IUCN Habitat classification.

Land use	% of IBA
agriculture	-
hunting	-
other	-

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Important Bird Area factsheet: San Pedro mountain range (Spain). Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/san-pedro-mountain-range-iba-spain on 22/11/2024.