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The site was identified as important in 1998 because it was regularly supporting significant populations of the species listed below, meeting ('triggering') IBA criteria.

Populations meeting IBA criteria ('trigger species') at the site:

Species	Red List1	Season	Year(s)	Size	IBA criteria
Southern Banded Snake-eagle Circaetus fasciolatus	NT	resident	1998	present	A3
Brown-headed Parrot Poicephalus cryptoxanthus	LC	resident	1998	present	A3
Woodwards' Batis Batis fratrum	LC	resident	1998	present	A3
Gorgeous Bushshrike Telophorus viridis	LC	resident	1998	present	A3
Rudd's Apalis Apalis ruddi	LC	resident	1998	present	A2, A3
Black-bellied Starling Notopholia corusca	LC	resident	1998	present	A3
Plain-backed Sunbird Anthreptes reichenowi	NT	resident	1998	present	A3
Mouse-coloured Sunbird Cyanomitra verreauxii	LC	resident	1998	present	A3
Neergaard's Sunbird Cinnyris neergaardi	NT	resident	1998	80-120 breeding pairs	A1, A2, A3
Pink-throated Twinspot Hypargos margaritatus	LC	resident	1998	present	A2, A3

1. The current IUCN Red List category. The category at the time of the IBA criteria assessment (1998) may differ.

Ideally the conservation status of the IBA will have been checked regularly since the site was first identified in 1998. The most recent assessment (2013) is shown below.

State (condition of the trigger species' populations)
Species	Reference	Actual	Units	% remaining	Result
African Finfoot Podica senegalensis	20	20	adults	100	not assessed
White-backed Vulture Gyps africanus	200	100	adults	50	unfavourable
Tawny Eagle Aquila rapax	12	12	adults	100	favourable
African Marsh-harrier Circus ranivorus	10	10	adults	100	not assessed
Neergaard's Sunbird Cinnyris neergaardi	240	240	adults	100	not assessed

State (condition of the trigger species' habitats)
Habitat	Quantity (% remaining)	Quality (% carrying capacity)	Result
Savanna	moderate (70-90%)	poor (40-69%)	very unfavourable
Wetlands (inland)	moderate (70-90%)	moderate (70-90%)	unfavourable

Pressure (threats to the trigger species and/or their habitats)
Threat	Timing	Scope	Severity	Result
Invasive and other problematic species and genes	happening now	whole area/population (>90%)	very rapid to severe deterioration	very high
Agricultural expansion and intensification	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	very rapid to severe deterioration	high
Biological resource use	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	very rapid to severe deterioration	high
Natural system modifications	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	very rapid to severe deterioration	high
Human intrusions and disturbance	happening now	majority/most of area/population (50-90%)	slow but significant deterioration	high
Climate change and severe weather	happening now	whole area/population (>90%)	slow but significant deterioration	high
Transportation and service corridors	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	slow but significant deterioration	medium
Residential and commercial development	past (and unlikely to return) and no longer limiting	small area/few individuals (<10%)	no or imperceptible deterioration	low

Response (conservation actions taken for the trigger species and/or their habitats)
Protected areas	Management plan	Other action	Result
Whole area of site (>90%) covered by appropriate conservation designation	A comprehensive and appropriate management plan exists that aims to maintain or improve the populations of qualifying bird species	Substantive conservation measures are being implemented but these are not comprehensive and are limited by resources and capacity	high

Year	Protected Area	Designation	% overlap with IBA
1939	Ndumu Game Reserve	Nature Reserve	100
1997	Ndumo Game Reserve	Ramsar Site, Wetland of International Importance	100

Habitat1	Habitat detail	% of IBA
Forest	Lowland forest - mixed swamp	-
Savanna	Bushland & thicket - deciduous	-
Wetlands (inland)	Rivers & streams	-

1. IUCN Habitat classification.

Land use	% of IBA
nature conservation and research	100
water management	90
tourism/recreation	-

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Important Bird Area factsheet: Ndumo Game Reserve (South Africa). Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/ndumo-game-reserve-iba-south-africa on 23/11/2024.