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The site was identified as important in 2011 because it was regularly supporting significant populations of the species listed below, meeting ('triggering') IBA criteria.

Populations meeting IBA criteria ('trigger species') at the site:

Species	Red List1	Season	Year(s)	Size	IBA criteria
Red-necked Nightjar Caprimulgus ruficollis	NT	breeding	2009	present	A3
Black Stork Ciconia nigra	LC	breeding	2007	min 37 breeding pairs	B1i, B2, C2, C6
Purple Heron Ardea purpurea	LC	breeding	2009	min 45 breeding pairs	B1i, B2, C2, C6
Eurasian Eagle-owl Bubo bubo	LC	resident	2009	min 20 breeding pairs	C6
Black-winged Kite Elanus caeruleus	LC	resident	2009	min 12 breeding pairs	B2, C2, C6
Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus	EN	breeding	2008	37-40 breeding pairs	A1, B1iii, B2, C1, C2, C6
Short-toed Snake-eagle Circaetus gallicus	LC	breeding	2009	min 25 breeding pairs	C6
Griffon Vulture Gyps fulvus	LC	resident	2008	650-825 breeding pairs	A4ii, B1iii, C2, C6
Cinereous Vulture Aegypius monachus	NT	resident	2006	339-400 breeding pairs	A1, A4ii, B1iii, B2, C1, C2, C6
Spanish Imperial Eagle Aquila adalberti	VU	resident	2010	13 breeding pairs	A1, B2, C1, C2, C6
Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos	LC	resident	2008	7 breeding pairs	C6
Bonelli's Eagle Aquila fasciata	LC	resident	2005	min 6 breeding pairs	C2, C6
Red Kite Milvus milvus	LC	winter	2005	min 200 individuals	A1, C1
Red Kite Milvus milvus	LC	resident	2005	min 25 breeding pairs	A1, C1
Subalpine Warbler Curruca cantillans	LC	breeding	2009	present	A3
Sardinian Warbler Curruca melanocephala	LC	resident	2009	present	A3
Spectacled Warbler Curruca conspicillata	LC	breeding	2009	present	A3
Spotless Starling Sturnus unicolor	LC	resident	2009	present	A3
Black-eared Wheatear Oenanthe hispanica	LC	breeding	2009	present	A3
Black Wheatear Oenanthe leucura	LC	resident	2009	present	A3

1. The current IUCN Red List category. The category at the time of the IBA criteria assessment (2011) may differ.

Ideally the conservation status of the IBA will have been checked regularly since the site was first identified in 2011. The most recent assessment (2008) is shown below.

State (condition of the trigger species' populations)
Species	Reference	Actual	Units	% remaining	Result
Black Stork Ciconia nigra	31	31	breeding pairs	100	favourable
Purple Heron Ardea purpurea	60	60	breeding pairs	100	favourable
Eurasian Eagle-owl Bubo bubo	20	20	breeding pairs	100	favourable
Black-winged Kite Elanus caeruleus	10	10	breeding pairs	100	favourable
Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus	22	22	breeding pairs	100	favourable
Circaetus gallicus	15	15	breeding pairs	100	favourable
Griffon Vulture Gyps fulvus	377	377	breeding pairs	100	favourable
Cinereous Vulture Aegypius monachus	214	214	breeding pairs	100	favourable
Spanish Imperial Eagle Aquila adalberti	10	10	breeding pairs	100	favourable
Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos	7	7	breeding pairs	100	favourable
Bonelli's Eagle Aquila fasciata	7	7	breeding pairs	100	favourable

Pressure (threats to the trigger species and/or their habitats)
Threat	Timing	Scope	Severity	Result
Biological resource use	happening now	majority/most of area/population (50-90%)	very rapid to severe deterioration	very high
Invasive and other problematic species and genes	happening now	majority/most of area/population (50-90%)	very rapid to severe deterioration	very high
Pollution	happening now	majority/most of area/population (50-90%)	very rapid to severe deterioration	very high
Agricultural expansion and intensification	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	very rapid to severe deterioration	high
Energy production and mining	likely in short term (within 4 years)	some of area/population (10-49%)	very rapid to severe deterioration	high
Natural system modifications	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	very rapid to severe deterioration	high
Transportation and service corridors	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	moderate to rapid deterioration	high
Human intrusions and disturbance	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	moderate to rapid deterioration	high
Climate change and severe weather	happening now	majority/most of area/population (50-90%)	moderate to rapid deterioration	high
Residential and commercial development	happening now	small area/few individuals (<10%)	moderate to rapid deterioration	low

Response (conservation actions taken for the trigger species and/or their habitats)
Protected areas	Management plan	Other action	Result
Some of site covered (10-49%)	Not assessed	Not assessed	negligible

Year	Protected Area	Designation	% overlap with IBA
1988	Monfragüe y las Dehesas del Entorno	Special Protection Area (Birds Directive)	54
1997	Río Tietar	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	<1
2000	Arroyos Barbaon y Calzones	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	1
2003	Monfragüe	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	10
2003	Embalse de Arrocampo	Special Protection Area (Birds Directive)	<1
2004	Río y Pinares del Tietar	Special Protection Area (Birds Directive)	<1
2004	Almez de Lugar Nuevo	Árbol Singular	-
2005	Colonias de Cernícalo Primilla de Saucedilla	Special Protection Area (Birds Directive)	<1
2007	Monfragüe	Parque Nacional	10
2014	Dehesa Camadilla de Almaraz	Parque Periurbano de Conservación y Ocio	<1
2014	Alcornoque de los Cercones	Árbol Singular	-
2014	Alcornoque Padre Nuestro o Santo	Árbol Singular	-
2014	Alcornoque del Venero	Árbol Singular	-
2016	Alcornoque de la Dehesa Boyal de Mirabel	Árbol Singular	-

Habitat1	Habitat detail	% of IBA
Forest	Mixed woodland, Alluvial and very wet forest, Broadleaved evergreen woodland	26
Shrubland	Sclerophyllous scrub, garrigue and maquis	26
Artificial/Terrestrial	Arable land, Forestry plantations	-
Grassland	Dry siliceous grassland	-
Wetlands (inland)	Standing freshwater, Rivers and streams	-

1. IUCN Habitat classification.

Land use	% of IBA
agriculture	26
forestry	-
hunting	-
tourism/recreation	-
other	-

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Important Bird Area factsheet: Monfragüe (Spain). Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/monfragüe-iba-spain on 22/11/2024.