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The site was identified as important in 2009 because it was regularly supporting significant populations of the species listed below, meeting ('triggering') IBA criteria.

Populations meeting IBA criteria ('trigger species') at the site:

Species	Red List1	Season	Year(s)	Size	IBA criteria
Hawaiian Goose Branta sandvicensis	NT	breeding	2003	174 individuals	A1, A2, A4i
Hawaiian Hawk Buteo solitarius	NT	breeding	1999	50-249 individuals	A1, A2
Hawaii Elepaio Chasiempis sandwichensis	NT	breeding	2003	100,000-499,999 individuals	A1, A2
Omao Myadestes obscurus	NT	breeding	2003	50,000-99,999 individuals	A1, A2
Akiapolaau Hemignathus wilsoni	EN	breeding	2003	1,000-2,499 individuals	A1, A2
Hawaii Creeper Manucerthia mana	EN	breeding	2003	2,500-9,999 individuals	A1, A2
Hawaii Akepa Loxops coccineus	EN	breeding	2003	2,500-9,999 individuals	A1, A2
Hawaii Amakihi Chlorodrepanis virens	LC	resident	2003	100,000-499,999 individuals	A2
Iiwi Drepanis coccinea	VU	breeding	2003	100,000-499,999 individuals	A1, A2
Apapane Himatione sanguinea	LC	resident	2003	1,000,000-2,499,999 individuals	A2

1. The current IUCN Red List category. The category at the time of the IBA criteria assessment (2009) may differ.

Ideally the conservation status of the IBA will have been checked regularly since the site was first identified in 2009. The most recent assessment (2009) is shown below.

Pressure (threats to the trigger species and/or their habitats)
Threat	Timing	Scope	Severity	Result
Invasive and other problematic species and genes	happening now	whole area/population (>90%)	slow but significant deterioration	high
Biological resource use	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	slow but significant deterioration	medium

Response (conservation actions taken for the trigger species and/or their habitats)
Protected areas	Management plan	Other action	Result
Most of site (50-90%) covered (including the most critical parts for important bird species)	No management plan exists but the management planning process has begun	Substantive conservation measures are being implemented but these are not comprehensive and are limited by resources and capacity	low

Year	Protected Area	Designation	% overlap with IBA
-	Kipuka ‘ainahou Nene	Sanctuary	9
-	Keahou Cooperative Nene	Sanctuary	<1
-	Kipuka Ainahou Nene	Wildlife Sanctuary	14
-	Upper Waiakea Bog	Sanctuary	<1
1916	Hawai'i Volcanoes	National Park	27
1916	Hawaii Volcanoes	National Park	100
1974	Waiakea 1942 Lava Flow	Natural Area Reserve	<1
1978	Hawaii Volcanoes	Wilderness	10
1980	Hawaiian Islands	UNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserve	-
1981	Puu Makaala	State Natural Area Reserve	4
1987	Hawaii Volcanoes National Park	World Heritage Site (natural or mixed)	25
1987	Kahauale‘a	Natural Area Reserve	7
2010	Pu‘u Maka‘ala	Natural Area Reserve	4

Land use	% of IBA
nature conservation and research	major (>10)
forestry	minor (<10)
hunting	minor (<10)
other	minor (<10)

Lands comprising the Mauna Loa-Kilauea Forests Important Bird Area are owned by several different government agencies and private groups. The single largest parcel within the IBA is a portion of Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park, but the State of Hawai`i owns the largest proportion of the IBA overall. State lands include all or part of Pu`u Maka`ala, Kahaualea, and Waiakea 1942 Lava Flow Natural Area Reserves, Kipuka Ainahou Nene Sanctuary, Upper Waiakea Bog Sanctuary, Mauna Loa, Ola`a, Waiakea, Upper Waiakea, and Wao Kele O Puna Forest Reserves, Kulani Correctional Facility, and unencumbered lands between Kahaualea and the national park. Kamehameha Schools owns two parcels within the IBA, Keauhou Ranch and a smaller parcel leased to the Zoological Society of San Diego that contains the Keauhou Bird Conservation Center.

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Important Bird Area factsheet: Mauna Loa-Kilauea Forests (USA). Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/mauna-loa-kilauea-forests-iba-usa on 23/11/2024.