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The site was identified as important in 2004 because it was regularly supporting significant populations of the species listed below, meeting ('triggering') IBA criteria.

Populations meeting IBA criteria ('trigger species') at the site:

Species	Red List1	Season	Year(s)	Size	IBA criteria
Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea	LC	winter	1990-1996	231-290 individuals	B1i
Common Pochard Aythya ferina	VU	winter	1996	18,690-24,000 individuals	A4i, B1i
Ferruginous Duck Aythya nyroca	NT	breeding	1989-1998	15-25 breeding pairs	A1, B2
Eurasian Wigeon Mareca penelope	LC	winter	1990	8,500 individuals	B1i
Eurasian Coot Fulica atra	LC	winter	-	14,500-18,500 individuals	B1i
Common Little Bittern Ixobrychus minutus	LC	breeding	-	40-80 breeding pairs	B2
Squacco Heron Ardeola ralloides	LC	breeding	1989-1996	200 breeding pairs	B2
Purple Heron Ardea purpurea	LC	breeding	-	30 breeding pairs	B2
Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanus crispus	NT	breeding	-	10-15 breeding pairs	A1, A4i, B1i, B2
Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanus crispus	NT	winter	-	51-362 individuals	A1, A4i, B1i
Pygmy Cormorant Microcarbo pygmaeus	LC	winter	-	84-100 individuals	A1
Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo	LC	winter	-	1,488-2,000 individuals	B1i
Pied Avocet Recurvirostra avosetta	LC	winter	1992	1,402 individuals	A4i, B1i
Spur-winged Lapwing Vanellus spinosus	LC	breeding	1989-1996	10 breeding pairs	B2
Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybrida	LC	breeding	-	100-150 breeding pairs	B2
A4iii Species group - waterbirds	n/a	winter	-	24,473-45,278 individuals	A4iii

1. The current IUCN Red List category. The category at the time of the IBA criteria assessment (2004) may differ.

Ideally the conservation status of the IBA will have been checked regularly since the site was first identified in 2004. The most recent assessment (2022) is shown below.

State (condition of the trigger species' populations)
Species	Reference	Actual	Units	% remaining	Result
Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanus crispus	2,045	0	individuals	0	very unfavourable

State (condition of the trigger species' habitats)
Habitat	Quantity (% remaining)	Quality (% carrying capacity)	Result
Wetlands (inland)	very poor (< 40%)	very poor (< 40%)	very unfavourable
Artificial/Terrestrial	-	very poor (< 40%)	very unfavourable

Pressure (threats to the trigger species and/or their habitats)
Threat	Timing	Scope	Severity	Result
Agricultural expansion and intensification	happening now	whole area/population (>90%)	very rapid to severe deterioration	very high
Natural system modifications	likely in long term (beyond 4 years)	whole area/population (>90%)	very rapid to severe deterioration	high

Response (conservation actions taken for the trigger species and/or their habitats)
Protected areas	Management plan	Other action	Result
Whole area of site (>90%) covered by appropriate conservation designation	Unknown	Some limited conservation initiatives are in place	low

Year	Protected Area	Designation	% overlap with IBA
2017	Gölmarmara Gölü	Wetland of National Importance	-

Habitat1	Habitat detail	% of IBA
Wetlands (inland)	Standing freshwater, Water fringe vegetation	50
Artificial/Terrestrial		27
Forest		21

1. IUCN Habitat classification.

Land use	% of IBA
water management	100
fisheries/aquaculture	15
agriculture	10
hunting	10

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Important Bird Area factsheet: Marmara Lake (Türkiye). Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/marmara-lake-iba-türkiye on 22/11/2024.