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The site was identified as internationally important for bird conservation in 2004 because it was regularly supporting significant populations of the species listed below, meeting ('triggering') IBA criteria.

Populations meeting IBA criteria ('trigger species') at the site:

Species	Red List	Season (year/s of estimate)	Size	IBA criteria
Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea	LC	winter (1990–1996)	231–290 birds	B1i
Common Pochard Aythya ferina	VU	winter (1996)	18,690–24,000 birds	A4i, B1i
Ferruginous Duck Aythya nyroca	NT	breeding (1989–1998)	15–25 pairs	A1, B2
Eurasian Wigeon Mareca penelope	LC	winter (1990)	8,500 birds	B1i
Eurasian Coot Fulica atra	LC	winter (-)	14,500–18,500 birds	B1i
Common Little Bittern Ixobrychus minutus	LC	breeding (-)	40–80 pairs	B2
Squacco Heron Ardeola ralloides	LC	breeding (1989–1996)	200 pairs	B2
Purple Heron Ardea purpurea	LC	breeding (-)	30 pairs	B2
Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanus crispus	NT	breeding (-)	10–15 pairs	A1, A4i, B1i, B2
Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanus crispus	NT	winter (-)	51–362 birds	A1, A4i, B1i
Pygmy Cormorant Microcarbo pygmaeus	LC	winter (-)	84–100 birds	A1
Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo	LC	winter (-)	1,488–2,000 birds	B1i
Pied Avocet Recurvirostra avosetta	LC	winter (1992)	1,402 birds	A4i, B1i
Spur-winged Lapwing Vanellus spinosus	LC	breeding (1989–1996)	10 pairs	B2
Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybrida	LC	breeding (-)	100–150 pairs	B2
A4iii Species group - waterbirds	n/a	winter (-)	24,473–45,278 birds	A4iii

Ideally the conservation status of the IBA will have been checked regularly since the site was first identified in 2004. The most recent assessment (2022) is shown below.

State (condition of the trigger species' populations)
Species	Actual vs Reference (units)	% remaining	Result
Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanus crispus	0 / 2,045 (birds)	0	very poor

State (condition of the trigger species' habitats)
Habitat	Quantity (% remaining)	Quality (% carrying capacity)	Result
Wetlands (inland)	very poor (<40%)	very poor (<40%)	very poor
Artificial/Terrestrial	-	very poor (<40%)	very poor

Pressure (threats to the trigger species and/or their habitats)
Threat	Timing	Scope	Severity	Result
Agricultural expansion and intensification	happe­ning now	whole of popul­ation/area (>90%)	rapid decline (>30% over 3 gener­ations)	very high
Natural system modifications	likely in long term (>4 years)	whole of popul­ation/area (>90%)	rapid decline (>30% over 3 gener­ations)	high

Response (conservation actions taken for the trigger species and/or their habitats)
Designation	Planning	Action	Result
Whole area (>90%) covered by appropriate conservation designation	Unknown	Some limited conservation initiatives are in place	low

Year	Protected Area	Designation (management category)	% coverage of IBA
2017	Gölmarmara Gölü	Wetland of National Importance (-)	-

Habitat	% of IBA	Habitat detail
Wetlands (inland)	50	Standing freshwater; Water fringe vegetation
Artificial/Terrestrial	27
Forest	21

Land use	% of IBA
water management	100
fisheries/aquaculture	15
agriculture	10
hunting	10

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Important Bird Area factsheet: Marmara Lake (Türkiye). Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/marmara-lake-iba-türkiye on 23/12/2024.